Abstract: Disclosed is a method performed by a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) device, the method including configuring a number of fixed beams for a beam, a fixed reflection pattern for the beam, and a fixed period for the beam; and reflecting a signal based on the number of the fixed beams, the fixed reflection pattern, and the fixed period, with the fixed reflection pattern being related to an amplitude and a phase of the reflected signal.

Abstract: A solid-state electrolyte including: a compound represented by Formula 1 Li5-4yAl1-yXyO4-4y-???Formula 1 wherein in Formula 1, 0.1?y?0.8 and 0??<1, and X is Cl, Br, or a combination thereof, and wherein the compound is amorphous.

Abstract: An organic electrolyte includes: a lithium salt, a non-aqueous solvent; and a nitrile-based compound represented by a certain formula, wherein the non-aqueous solvent includes a fluorinated cyclic carbonate compound and a fluorinated chain carbonate compound. A secondary battery including such an organic electrolyte is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrode active material including a compound represented by Formula 1: Lix(Ni1-yMy)z(P2O7)4??<Formula 1> wherein in Formula 1, 5?x?7, 0.2?y<1, 4?z?6, and M is a Group 3 to Group 11 element or a combination thereof, but is not iron.

Abstract: A composite solid electrolyte for a secondary battery, wherein the secondary battery includes an anode, wherein the composite solid electrolyte includes a first solid electrolyte including a compound represented by Formula 1, and a second solid electrolyte including a compound represented by Formula 2, and wherein the first solid electrolyte is disposed adjacent to the anode: Li1+x+2yAlxMgyM12?x?y(PO4)3 ??Formula 1 wherein in Formula 1, M1 is germanium (Ge), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), tin (Sn), or a combination thereof, and 0<x<0.6 and 0<y<0.2, Li1+x+2yAlxMgyM22?x?y(PO4)3 ??Formula 2 wherein in Formula 2, M2 is titanium (Ti), germanium (Ge), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), tin (Sn), or a combination thereof, and 0<x<0.6 and 0?y<0.2.

Abstract: A composite cathode, including: a cathode current collector; and a cathode active material layer on the cathode current collector. The cathode active material layer includes: a crystalline phosphate solid electrolyte; a crystalline phosphate cathode active material having an electrical conductivity about 10 times to about 106 times greater than an electrical conductivity of the crystalline phosphate solid electrolyte; and an interphase between the crystalline phosphate solid electrolyte and the crystalline phosphate cathode active material.

Abstract: An electrolytic additive including a compound represented by Formula 1: wherein, in Formula 1, R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and at least one of R1 and R2 is a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C20 alkyl group, and R3 to R6 are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C20 cycloalkyl group.

Abstract: An electrolytic additive including a compound represented by Formula 1: wherein, in Formula 1, R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 aliphatic hydrocarbon group, and at least one of R1 and R2 is a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C20 alkyl group, and R3 to R6 are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C5-C20 cycloalkyl group.

Abstract: An air battery cathode includes a carbon composite including a core and a conductive coating layer disposed on the core, wherein the core includes a first carbon material and a second carbon material, wherein the conductive coating layer includes a metal-containing semiconductor.

Abstract: A solid electrolyte includes: an ionic liquid; a lithium salt; an inorganic particle; and a polymer, wherein an amount of the ionic liquid is greater than or equal to about 33 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the polymer. Also a lithium battery including the solid electrolyte and a method of preparing a composite electrolyte membrane including the solid electrolyte.