Abstract: In a method of error correction code (ECC) decoding, normal read data are read from a nonvolatile memory device based on normal read voltages, and a first ECC decoding is performed with respect to the normal read data. When the first ECC decoding results in failure, flip read data are read from the nonvolatile memory device based on flip read voltages corresponding to a flip range of a threshold voltage. Corrected read data are generated based on the flip read data by inverting error candidate bits included in the flip range among bits of the normal read data, and a second ECC decoding is performed with respect to the corrected read voltage. Error correction capability may be enhanced by retrying ECC decoding based on the corrected read data when ECC decoding based on the normal read data results in failure.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided.

Abstract: An operating method of an imaging device comprising a plurality of shared pixels that share a floating diffusion node and each comprising sub-pixels covered by a micro-lens. The method involves generating a capture image from the plurality of shared pixels that receive light reflected from an object; compensating for the capture image using static phase information based on misalignment of the micro lens of each of the plurality of shared pixels; performing auto exposure control based on the compensation of the capture image; performing auto focus control based on the compensated capture image; and generating an output image by processing the compensated capture image.

Abstract: Provided are a method and apparatus for acquiring information of a CHIP device using a GAS in a wireless LAN system in a smart home environment Specifically, a controller obtains first to third identifiers by scanning a quick response (QR) code of a controlee; The controller transmits a GAS initiation request message to the controlee. The controller receives a GAS initiation response message from the controlee. The GAS initiation request message includes first and second identifiers and an encrypted payload. The GAS initiation response message includes a decrypted payload when the first and second identifiers are the same as identifiers of the controlee.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting a liveness based on a phase difference are provided. The method includes generating a first phase image based on first visual information of a first phase, generating a second phase image based on second visual information of a second phase, generating a minimum map based on a disparity between the first phase image and the second phase image, and detecting a liveness based on the minimum map.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems, methods, and apparatuses for locating, engaging, and shifting objects. The systems may be used to unload objects from a storage space, e.g., inside a vehicle or facility, including one associated with a logistics network operation. The systems disclosed herein may operate in automated or semi-automated fashion, e.g., at the direction of a control system associated with a computing device. The systems may further utilize shifter mechanisms that each include one or more belt-driven mechanisms and position-changing mechanisms that facilitate the locating, engaging, and shifting of objects in a storage space. The components of these systems may operate independently, or in coordination, thereby increasing the efficiency of an object-handling operation.

Abstract: A transmission electron microscope includes a specimen chamber, a heat exchange bridge extending outward from a side wall of the specimen chamber, and a heat exchange connector including a heat exchange tube provided around a first portion of the heat exchange bridge, and a housing sealing the first portion of the heat exchange bridge and the heat exchange tube from an outside of the heat exchange connector.

Abstract: An NK cells and PBMC, both having increased cytotoxicity are provided. Particularly, NK cells and PBMC which have exogenous mitochondria introduced thereinto potentiate the immune system of the human body to enhance a therapeutic effect on infectious diseases or cancer. Therefore, the NK cells and PBMC can be used in a composition for prevention or treatment of infectious diseases and cancer. Specially, autogenous NK cells and PBMC guarantee stability without the incurrence of an immune reaction, and thus would be expected to have high commercial activity.

Abstract: Discussed is a battery charging method and a battery system. The battery system charges battery packs connected in parallel with power from a charger, and includes: a battery that includes the battery packs, each battery pack including a battery module with battery cells and a voltage sensor configured to measure pack voltages, which are voltages of opposite ends of the battery module, and a master battery management system (BMS) configured to set voltage sections by using a lowest pack voltage among the pack voltages and a reference voltage, group the battery packs into charge groups by classifying each of the battery packs as a corresponding voltage section among the voltage sections, and control the battery packs belonging to the charge groups to be charged in an order from a charge group corresponding to a low voltage section to a charge group corresponding to a high voltage section.

Abstract: An example operating method of an error correction code (ECC) circuit includes receiving a codeword from a memory device, calculating a syndrome vector based on the codeword and a parity-check matrix indicating whether messages are exchanged between check nodes and variable nodes, performing, when the syndrome vector is not a zero vector, sequential decoding on a plurality of columns of the parity-check matrix by decoding a first column in a first operation mode, the first column having a first variable node degree, decoding a second column in a second operation mode, the second column having a second variable node degree, and decoding a third column in a third operation mode, the third column having a third variable node degree, and calculating the syndrome vector whenever the sequential decoding of the plurality of columns is completed and iteratively performing the sequential decoding until the syndrome vector is the zero vector.

Abstract: A terminal can include a display and a processor configured to generate a reconstructed image based on a plurality of X-ray images of a battery, and rotate the reconstructed image by a predetermined angle to generate a tilting image. Also, the processor can generate an electrode detection image based on the tilting image, the electrode detection image including a positive electrode of the battery and a negative electrode of the battery in which the positive electrode and the negative electrode are separated from each other, and detect whether the battery is defective based on the electrode detection image.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is made with a boat carrier including stainless steel. A Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer is formed over the boat carrier. A semiconductor package substrate is disposed over the boat carrier. A manufacturing step is performed on the semiconductor package substrate. An electrostatic discharge (ESD) is imparted on the boat carrier during the manufacturing step. The semiconductor package substrate is protected from the ESD by the PTFE layer.

Abstract: An automated method for aligning 3D (three-dimensional) dental data includes extracting landmark points of a CT (computerized tomography) data, extracting landmark points of scan data of a digital impression model, determining an up vector representing a direction of a patient's eyes and nose and identifying left and right of the landmark points of the scan data, extracting a teeth portion of the scan data, searching a source point of the scan data on a spline curve of the CT data to generate a candidate target point group and determining the candidate target point group having a smallest error with the landmark points of the CT data as a final candidate.

Abstract: a G-LDPC decoder is provided. The G-LDPC decoder includes: a generalized check node decoder configured to, in each of a plurality of iterations: group connected variable nodes into groups, the connected variable nodes being connected to an mth generalized check node among generalized check nodes; generate test patterns in each of one or more of the groups based on a first message received by the mth generalized check node from the connected variable nodes; and identify a value of a second message to be provided from the mth generalized check node to the connected variable nodes based on the test patterns; and a LDPC decoder circuitry configured to, in each of the iterations, update a value of an nth variable node, among the variable nodes, based on the second message received by the nth variable node from a generalized check node that is connected to the nth variable node.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may include an error correcting code (ECC) encoder that encodes a codeword based on a parity check matrix and generates the encoded codeword including an information bit and a parity bit. The parity check matrix is divided into an information part corresponding to the information bit and a parity part corresponding to the parity bit. The parity part includes a block matrix T including a plurality of first sub-matrices arranged in a dual diagonal structure, a block matrix B including a first sub-matrix and a (1?a)-th sub-matrix, a block matrix D composed of a first sub-matrix, and a block matrix E including a first sub-matrix and a masked (1?(a+1))-th sub-matrix. A location where the first sub-matrix is placed in the block matrix B precedes a location where the masked (1?(a+1))-th sub-matrix is placed in the block matrix E.

Abstract: A stacked structure for a stretchable device includes a stretchable layer including an elastic polymer, and a conductive layer on the stretchable layer and including a metal, wherein the stretchable layer includes a first depth region and a second depth region sequentially disposed in a depth direction from a surface of the stretchable layer that is in contact with the conductive layer and the first depth region includes the metal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting a liveness based on a phase difference are provided. The method includes generating a first phase image based on first visual information of a first phase, generating a second phase image based on second visual information of a second phase, generating a minimum map based on a disparity between the first phase image and the second phase image, and detecting a liveness based on the minimum map.

Abstract: A multilayer ceramic capacitor may include: a ceramic body that includes dielectric layers and internal electrodes; an external electrode including a connection portion that covers an end surface of the ceramic body and a band portion that extends from the connection portion to cover a side surface of the ceramic body; a first cover layer disposed between the internal electrode closest to the side surface and the side surface; a second cover layer opposing the first cover layer; an active region in which the internal electrodes overlap and spaced apart from the end surface by a first distance, a first dummy electrode disposed in the first cover layer, and a seed electrode layer disposed between the band portion and the first cover layer, wherein a length of the seed electrode layer is greater than the first distance and greater than a length of the first dummy electrode.

Abstract: A method of measuring a bio signal using a bio signal measuring apparatus includes: positioning electrodes included as part of the bio signal measuring apparatus to contact a surface of an examinee; switching an impedance measurer included as part of the bio signal measuring apparatus and including a voltmeter and a current source; measuring a first impedance value of the examinee while operating the impedance measurer according to a first mode; switching the impedance measurer to a second mode; measuring a second impedance value of the examinee while operating the impedance measurer according to a second mode; and obtaining bio impedance of the examinee based on the first and second impedance values and an internal impedance of the current source.

Abstract: An image processing circuit, an image signal processor including the same, and an image processing method are disclosed. The image processing circuit may include a contents-aware circuit configured to receive histograms of a current image and a previous image, classify content for each pixel of the current image, and generate a shifting value representing a color shifting effect for each pixel of the current image, a color shifting circuit configured to generate an enhanced image by applying color shifting depending on the shifting value to each pixel of the current image, based on the shifting value, and a histogram generator configured to generate a histogram of the current image based on the classified content of the current image, wherein the generated histogram of the current image is used to generate a shifting value of a subsequent image.