Abstract: The disclosure relates to a simulation method for selecting an optimal composition ratio of an oxide semiconductor. The oxide semiconductor includes at least two elements selected from the group consisting of indium (In), gallium (Ga), zinc (Zn), tin (Sn), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), magnesium (Mg), antimony (Sb), silicon (Si), titanium (Ti), and zirconium (Zr); oxygen (O); and inevitable impurities. The simulation method includes setting a simulation target composition ratio set including various composition ratios of elements constituting the oxide semiconductor, checking whether the oxide semiconductor satisfies Formulas 1, 2, and 3 for each of the various composition ratios included in the simulation target composition ratio set, and selecting a composition ratio satisfying Formulas 1, 2, and 3 as an optimal composition ratio. Formulas 1, 2, and 3 may be the same as described in the specification.

Abstract: Provided is an organic light-emitting device including: an anode; a cathode facing the anode; and an organic layer arranged between the anode and the cathode and including an emission layer and an auxiliary layer, wherein the emission layer is in direct contact with the auxiliary layer, the emission layer includes a dopant, the auxiliary layer includes a first compound and a second compound, and the dopant, the first compound, and the second compound satisfy a certain equation.

Abstract: Provided is an organic light-emitting device including: an anode; a cathode facing the anode; and an organic layer arranged between the anode and the cathode and including an emission layer and an auxiliary layer, wherein the emission layer is in direct contact with the auxiliary layer, the emission layer includes a dopant, the auxiliary layer includes a first compound and a second compound, and the dopant, the first compound, and the second compound satisfy a certain equation.

Abstract: An alignment layer composition including a copolymer of a dianhydride compound and a diamine compound, wherein the copolymer includes a repeating unit represented by Formula 1: wherein each of Ar1 and Ar2 is independently a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group comprising 6 to 30 carbon atoms, X is an electron donating group, and is an ester group, wherein “*” indicates a point of attachment to the aromatic groups Ar1 and Ar2.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition and a liquid crystal display, the composition including a liquid crystal compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 below:

Abstract: An alignment layer composition including a copolymer of a dianhydride compound and a diamine compound, wherein the copolymer includes a repeating unit represented by Formula 1: wherein each of Ar1 and Ar2 is independently a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group comprising 6 to 30 carbon atoms, X is an electron donating group, and is an ester group, wherein “*” indicates a point of attachment to the aromatic groups Ar1 and Ar2.

Abstract: An alignment layer composition including a copolymer of a dianhydride compound and a diamine compound, wherein the copolymer includes a repeating unit represented by Formula 1: wherein each of Ar1 and Ar2 is independently a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group comprising 6 to 30 carbon atoms, X is an electron donating group, and is an ester group, wherein “*” indicates a point of attachment to the aromatic groups Ar1 and Ar2.

Abstract: An alignment layer composition including a copolymer of a dianhydride compound and a diamine compound, wherein the copolymer includes a repeating unit represented by Formula 1: wherein each of Ar1 and Ar2 is independently a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group comprising 6 to 30 carbon atoms, X is an electron donating group, and is an ester group, wherein “*” indicates a point of attachment to the aromatic groups Ar1 and Ar2.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition and a liquid crystal display, the composition including a liquid crystal compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 below:

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition includes at least one liquid crystal molecule represented by Chemical Formulas 1-1 to 1-6, and at least one liquid crystal molecule represented by Chemical Formulas 2-1 to 2-6.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition includes at least one liquid crystal molecule represented by Chemical Formulas 1-1 to 1-6, and at least one liquid crystal molecule represented by Chemical Formulas 2-1 to 2-6.

Abstract: A preliminary verification method under an Internet environment using a phone authentication service in a system including a first terminal, a web server, an authentication server, a host server, a call server and a second terminal, the method comprising the steps of: providing a preliminary transaction request generated from the first terminal to the authentication server through the web server; at the authentication server, transmitting the preliminary transaction request information to the host server, and providing preliminary transaction result information corresponding to the preliminary transaction request information from the host server to the first terminal; at the authentication server, in case of receiving a real transaction request generated from the first terminal, receiving and verifying the authentication information from the first terminal according to the electronic transaction approval, and requesting a phone authentication for the second terminal of the user of the authenticated first term

Abstract: A preliminary verification method under an Internet environment using a phone authentication service in a system including a first terminal, a web server, an authentication server, a host server, a call server and a second terminal, the method comprising the steps of: providing a preliminary transaction request generated from the first terminal to the authentication server through the web server; at the authentication server, transmitting the preliminary transaction request information to the host server, and providing preliminary transaction result information corresponding to the preliminary transaction request information from the host server to the first terminal; at the authentication server, in case of receiving a real transaction request generated from the first terminal, receiving and verifying the authentication information from the first terminal according to the electronic transaction approval, and requesting a phone authentication for the second terminal of the user of the authenticated first term