Abstract: An anode active material for a secondary battery includes a plurality of composite particles. The composite particles include carbon-based particles containing pores therein. A silicon-containing coating layer is formed inside the pores or on a surface of the carbon-based particles. A surface oxide layer is formed on the silicon-containing coating layer. The surface oxide layer contains silicon oxide. A silicon oxidation number ratio of the composite particle is predefined.

Abstract: A method includes generating a gain transition signal in response to any one of an average value of a feedback signal, a slope of the feedback signal, a slope of an input signal of the power converter, a maximum value of the input signal, and a minimum value of the input signal, and generating a first gain control signal and a second gain control signal in response to the gain transition signal. A gain transition controller includes a transition signal generator generating the gain transition signal and a gain control signal generator generating the first gain control signal and the second gain control signal in response to the gain transition signal.

Abstract: A phase-cut dimming control system according to the embodiment includes a phase angle detector configured to detect a phase angle of an input voltage generated by phase-cut dimming, a feedback signal generator configured to generate a first reference signal corresponding to the detected phase angle, and generate an initial feedback signal based on a detection signal corresponding to power supplied to a load and the first reference signal, a feedback signal modulator configured to modulate the initial feedback signal and generate a feedback signal, a power transmission controller configured to generate a control signal which controls power transmission according to the feedback signal, and a power transmission circuit configured to transmit power to the load according to the control signal.

Abstract: A method includes generating a gain transition signal in response to any one of an average value of a feedback signal, a slope of the feedback signal, a slope of an input signal of the power converter, a maximum value of the input signal, and a minimum value of the input signal, and generating a first gain control signal and a second gain control signal in response to the gain transition signal. A gain transition controller includes a transition signal generator generating the gain transition signal and a gain control signal generator generating the first gain control signal and the second gain control signal in response to the gain transition signal.

Abstract: A method includes generating a first gain control signal and a second gain control signal in response to a gain transition signal indicating a transition of a power converter from a first gain mode to a second gain mode. The method further includes causing the power converter to enter the first gain mode in response to the first gain control signal, and causing the power converter to enter the second gain mode in response to the second gain control signal. A circuit includes a gain transition controller generating a first gain control signal and a second gain control signal in response to a gain transition signal, and a gain control circuit causing the power converter to enter the first gain mode in response to the first gain control signal and causing the power converter to enter the second gain mode in response to the second gain control signal.

Abstract: A phase-cut dimming control system according to the embodiment includes a phase angle detector configured to detect a phase angle of an input voltage generated by phase-cut dimming, a feedback signal generator configured to generate a first reference signal corresponding to the detected phase angle, and generate an initial feedback signal based on a detection signal corresponding to power supplied to a load and the first reference signal, a feedback signal modulator configured to modulate the initial feedback signal and generate a feedback signal, a power transmission controller configured to generate a control signal which controls power transmission according to the feedback signal, and a power transmission circuit configured to transmit power to the load according to the control signal.

Abstract: A phase-cut dimming control system according to the embodiment includes a phase angle detector configured to detect a phase angle of an input voltage generated by phase-cut dimming, a feedback signal generator configured to generate a first reference signal corresponding to the detected phase angle, and generate an initial feedback signal based on a detection signal corresponding to power supplied to a load and the first reference signal, a feedback signal modulator configured to modulate the initial feedback signal and generate a feedback signal, a power transmission controller configured to generate a control signal which controls power transmission according to the feedback signal, and a power transmission circuit configured to transmit power to the load according to the control signal.

Abstract: A method includes generating a first gain control signal and a second gain control signal in response to a gain transition signal indicating a transition of a power converter from a first gain mode to a second gain mode. The method further includes causing the power converter to enter the first gain mode in response to the first gain control signal, and causing the power converter to enter the second gain mode in response to the second gain control signal. A circuit includes a gain transition controller generating a first gain control signal and a second gain control signal in response to a gain transition signal, and a gain control circuit causing the power converter to enter the first gain mode in response to the first gain control signal and causing the power converter to enter the second gain mode in response to the second gain control signal.

Abstract: A phase-cut dimming control system according to the embodiment includes a phase angle detector configured to detect a phase angle of an input voltage generated by phase-cut dimming, a feedback signal generator configured to generate a first reference signal corresponding to the detected phase angle, and generate an initial feedback signal based on a detection signal corresponding to power supplied to a load and the first reference signal, a feedback signal modulator configured to modulate the initial feedback signal and generate a feedback signal, a power transmission controller configured to generate a control signal which controls power transmission according to the feedback signal, and a power transmission circuit configured to transmit power to the load according to the control signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a trip device of a circuit breaker, the device including: a rectifying unit converting an AC (Alternating Current) voltage applied to the circuit breaker to a DC (Direct Current) voltage; a smoothing unit connected to the rectifying unit in parallel to mitigate ripples of the converted DC voltage; and a trip coil connected to the smoothing unit in parallel to determine whether to trip the circuit breaker.

Abstract: Disclosed is a trip device of a circuit breaker, the device including: a rectifying unit converting an AC (Alternating Current) voltage applied to the circuit breaker to a DC (Direct Current) voltage; a smoothing unit connected to the rectifying unit in parallel to mitigate ripples of the converted DC voltage; and a trip coil connected to the smoothing unit in parallel to determine whether to trip the circuit breaker.