Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes a fin-type active region disposed on a substrate and extending in a first horizontal direction, a gate line disposed on the fin-type active region and extending in a second horizontal direction intersecting the first horizontal direction, the gate line including, a connection protrusion portion including a protrusion top surface at a first vertical level from the substrate, and a main gate portion including a recess top surface extending in the second horizontal direction from the connection protrusion portion, the recess top surface being at a second vertical level lower than the first vertical level, a gate contact disposed on the gate line and connected to the connection protrusion portion, a source/drain region disposed on the fin-type active region and disposed adjacent to the gate line, and a source/drain contact disposed on the source/drain region.

Abstract: The successful fabrication of alloy foam (or porous alloy) is very rare, despite their potentially better properties and wider applicability than pure metallic foams. The processing of three-dimensional copper-nickel alloy foams is achieved through a strategic solid-solution alloying method based on oxide powder reduction or sintering processes, or both. Solid-solution alloy foams with five different compositions are successfully created, resulting in open-pore structures with varied porosity. The corrosion resistance of the synthesized copper-nickel alloy foams is superior to those of the pure copper and nickel foams.

Abstract: An air purifier includes a main body having an inlet and a discharge device mounted on the main body and configured to receive air introduced into the main body through the inlet and discharge the air from the air purifier, wherein the discharge device includes a discharge opening, an opening and closing member including a portion having a size and shape corresponding to the discharge opening, and configured to move out of the discharge opening and into the discharge opening to open and close the discharge opening, and a discharge portion including a plurality of discharge holes, wherein each discharge hole of the plurality of discharge holes has a size smaller than a size of the discharge opening, and wherein the discharge portion has an air discharging area that is variable.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes a fin-type active region disposed on a substrate and extending in a first horizontal direction, a gate line disposed on the fin-type active region and extending in a second horizontal direction intersecting the first horizontal direction, the gate line including, a connection protrusion portion including a protrusion top surface at a first vertical level from the substrate, and a main gate portion including a recess top surface extending in the second horizontal direction from the connection protrusion portion, the recess top surface being at a second vertical level lower than the first vertical level, a gate contact disposed on the gate line and connected to the connection protrusion portion, a source/drain region disposed on the fin-type active region and disposed adjacent to the gate line, and a source/drain contact disposed on the source/drain region.

Abstract: An integrated circuit device includes a fin-type active region disposed on a substrate and extending in a first horizontal direction, a gate line disposed on the fin-type active region and extending in a second horizontal direction intersecting the first horizontal direction, the gate line including, a connection protrusion portion including a protrusion top surface at a first vertical level from the substrate, and a main gate portion including a recess top surface extending in the second horizontal direction from the connection protrusion portion, the recess top surface being at a second vertical level lower than the first vertical level, a gate contact disposed on the gate line and connected to the connection protrusion portion, a source/drain region disposed on the fin-type active region and disposed adjacent to the gate line, and a source/drain contact disposed on the source/drain region.

Abstract: A capacitor and supercapacitor design are based on metal-foam electrodes. An electrolytic capacitor has a metal foam dielectric (e.g., aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, iron oxide, or others). An electric double-layer supercapacitor has an electrode with metal foam (e.g., copper, nickel, titanium, iron, steel alloy, or aluminum) filled with activated carbon, or graphene, or metal foam with activated carbon foam, or any combination of these to enhance the electrical conductivity and thus the power and capacity of the cell. A pseudocapacitor device has an electrode with metal foam (e.g., iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, titanium, aluminum, magnesium, tin, manganese, and stainless steel, and their alloy foams) coated with an oxide- or hydroxide-based material containing highly active zones. The pseudocapacitor metal-foam electrode can also be filled with activated carbon in the form of a slurry to further enhance its capacity.

Abstract: The successful fabrication of alloy foam (or porous alloy) is very rare, despite their potentially better properties and wider applicability than pure metallic foams. The processing of three-dimensional copper-nickel alloy foams is achieved through a strategic solid-solution alloying method based on oxide powder reduction or sintering processes, or both. Solid-solution alloy foams with five different compositions are successfully created, resulting in open-pore structures with varied porosity. The corrosion resistance of the synthesized copper-nickel alloy foams is superior to those of the pure copper and nickel foams.

Abstract: Anode and cathode electrodes of a rechargeable lithium-ion battery are manufactured using metal foam. This lithium-ion battery with the metal-foam electrodes can have pores coated or filled, or both, with high-capacity active materials for greater energy density, better safety, improved power, and longer cycle life. Aluminum (or nickel) and copper metal-foam electrodes are manufactured using space-holder and freeze-casting methods. An anode can be filled with a graphite or silicon slurry, or a combination. A cathode can be filled with a lithium cobalt oxide (or other higher-capacity active materials) slurry. The relatively thick metal-foam electrodes are attached to the cell, separated by a separator, and wetted by an electrolyte, forming a high-capacity secondary battery. The battery will have higher density, improved power, and good cycle life.

Abstract: A transmission power control method and an electronic device capable of adjusting a bias of a power amplifier are provided. The electronic device includes: a temperature sensor; a power amplifier (PA); and a controller configured to monitor signals from the temperature sensor, determine a bias value for the PA, based on the monitored signals, and control the PA to amplify a signal for transmission based on the determined bias value.

Abstract: A transmission power control method and an electronic device capable of adjusting a bias of a power amplifier are provided. The electronic device includes: a temperature sensor; a power amplifier (PA); and a controller configured to monitor signals from the temperature sensor, determine a bias value for the PA, based on the monitored signals, and control the PA to amplify a signal for transmission based on the determined bias value.

Abstract: A system for image analysis and a method thereof are disclosed. In one embodiment, the system includes a detector configured to receive an image of a sample, isolate particles from a background image of the sample image and detect positions of the isolated particles and a first operator configured to calculate a static degree of randomness values of the particles using Lennard-Jones potentials based on the detected positions. The system may further include a second operator configured to obtain a dynamic degree of randomness values of particles based at least in part on the sum of tensile forces between particles by implicit integration added until the particles reach a dynamic equilibrium, and calculate a positional degree of randomness of particles based at least in part on subtraction of the dynamic degree of randomness values from the static degree of randomness values.

Abstract: A system for image analysis and a method thereof are disclosed. In one embodiment, the system includes a detector configured to receive an image of a sample, isolate particles from a background image of the sample image and detect positions of the isolated particles and a first operator configured to calculate a static degree of randomness values of the particles using Lennard-Jones potentials based on the detected positions. The system may further include a second operator configured to obtain a dynamic degree of randomness values of particles based at least in part on the sum of tensile forces between particles by implicit integration added until the particles reach a dynamic equilibrium, and calculate a positional degree of randomness of particles based at least in part on subtraction of the dynamic degree of randomness values from the static degree of randomness values.