Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for adjusting a reference voltage. The apparatus may include a gate signal generation unit for generating an RDQS gate signal, a reference voltage generation unit for setting a reference voltage based on the RDQS gate signal, and a reset counter for holding a voltage at the time at which the RDQS gate signal becomes low when the RDQS gate signal is not applied to the reference voltage generation unit for a specific time period.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a duty cycle monitoring method and apparatus for a memory interface, including receiving a clock signal as input and generating a first delay time offset and a second delay time offset, receiving the clock signal and the first delay time offset and then outputting a first delayed signal, receiving the first delayed signal and the second delay time offset and then outputting a second delayed signal, receiving the clock signal and the second delayed signal and then outputting a delay value corresponding to a half-period of the clock signal, and monitoring, based on the first delayed signal, whether a duty cycle of the clock signal conforms to a duty cycle specification.

Abstract: Provided is a method of generating direction vectors of particles. The method includes calculating, by a processor, a center of gravity of the particles on the basis of characteristic values of one or more particles in a cluster including the particles, and generating, by the processor, direction vectors of the particles on the basis of the center of gravity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for, preventing, ameliorating or treating dementia by administering a composition containing 2?-fucosyllactose. 2?-FL ameliorates brain damage caused by amyloid beta and neuroinflammation by suppressing or preventing accumulation of the amyloid beta, thus being highly effective in preventing, ameliorating and treating dementia.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for receiving data from memory. The apparatus receives a data signal and a clock signal output from memory and includes a Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE) including two or more differential signal path units configured to determine and output an output value corresponding to the data signal. Each of the two or more differential signal path units may determine a current output value by reflecting a previous output value fed back from a different one of the two or more differential signal path units in such a way that they operate at different clocks, and may include an offset control unit configured to adjust an offset at an input stage and a feedback control unit configured to change a load of an output stage using the previous output value fed back from the different one of the two or more differential signal path units.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing a composition for increasing cognitive function.

Abstract: A high frequency heat treatment method for a fine bottom-closed hole includes preparing a coil so as to be completely inserted into the fine bottom-closed hole, preparing a core for controlling a magnetic flux within the coil such that the core protrudes from upper and lower sides of the coil, heat-treating a target part of the fine bottom-closed hole under conditions of a heating time of 2˜3 seconds, an output power of 200˜300 kW, a quenching time of 3˜5 seconds, a positive electrode voltage of 4 ˜8 kV, and a positive electrode current of 2.0˜4.5 A, and quenching the heat-treated part of the fine bottom-closed hole with cooling nozzles fixed around the heat-treated part such that a sufficient amount of cooling water is injected uniformly over the whole heated part with a sufficient pressure via the cooling nozzles.