Abstract: Disclosed are vaccines capable of achieving protection against RSV while avoiding vaccine-enhanced disease (VED). In particular, vaccine constructs have been molecularly designed and genetically engineered to comprise RSV fusion (F) protein displayed on the surface of a particle, such as a virus-like particles (VLP) and low temperature-prepared split RSV. In some embodiments, the RSV F protein is in a pre-fusion F conformation. Also disclosed a variants and combinations of split RSV and RSV F DNA vaccine with pre-fusion F and enhanced efficacy. In addition, disclosed split RSV vaccines containing pre-fusion F conformation and combination adjuvants MPL and CpG.

Abstract: Disclosed are vaccines capable of achieving protection against RSV while avoiding vaccine-enhanced disease (VED). In particular, vaccine constructs have been molecularly designed and genetically engineered to comprise RSV fusion (F) protein displayed on the surface of a particle, such as a virus-like particles (VLP) and low temperature-prepared split RSV. In some embodiments, the RSV F protein is in a pre-fusion F conformation. Also disclosed a variants and combinations of split RSV and RSV F DNA vaccine with pre-fusion F and enhanced efficacy. In addition, disclosed split RSV vaccines containing pre-fusion F conformation and combination adjuvants MPL and CpG.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for protecting an application layer in a computer network system. The method includes creating a session between a client and a data provider in response to a session connection request from the client, and determining the client as an application layer attacking client when the client generates a session termination request before the data provider transmits to the client a response packet to a data request from the client under the created session.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack includes: a monitoring unit for monitoring multiple GET requests and responses transmitted and received depending on a session establishment between a client and a server; and an attack detection unit for analyzing the monitored multiple GET requests and responses between the client and the server to detect a traffic of the DDoS attack against the server.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for protecting an application layer in a computer network system. The method includes creating a session between a client and a data provider in response to a session connection request from the client, and determining the client as an application layer attacking client when the client generates a session termination request before the data provider transmits to the client a response packet to a data request from the client under the created session.