Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes forming a gate trench over a semiconductor substrate, depositing a gate dielectric layer and a work function layer in the gate trench, depositing a capping layer over the work function layer, passivating a surface portion of the capping layer to form a passivation layer, removing the passivation layer, depositing a fill layer in the gate trench, recessing the fill layer and the capping layer, and forming a contact metal layer above the capping layer in the gate trench.

Abstract: An optical element driving mechanism is provided, including a movable portion, a fixed portion, a driving assembly, and a support element. The movable portion is used for connecting to an optical element having a main axis. The movable portion is movable relative to the fixed portion. The driving assembly is used for driving the movable portion to move relative to the fixed portion. The movable portion moves relative to the fixed portion through the support element.

Abstract: An optical element driving mechanism is provided, including a fixed portion, a movable portion, a driving assembly, and a stopping assembly. The movable portion is movably connected to the fixed portion, wherein the movable portion is used for connecting to an optical element having a main axis. The driving assembly is disposed on the fixed portion or the movable portion, and the driving assembly is used for driving the movable portion to move relative to the fixed portion. The stopping assembly is connected to the movable portion and the fixed portion.

Abstract: An optical system is provided. The optical system includes a first moveable unit, an optical module, an affixed base and a first driving module. The optical module includes an optical axis, wherein the optical module is connected to the first moveable unit. The first moveable unit is adapted to be moved relative to the affixed base. The first driving module is adapted to drive the first moveable unit to move relative to the affixed base.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive sensor and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The method includes: forming an initial reference layer in an annular shape, wherein the initial reference layer includes an anti-ferromagnetic layer and a ferromagnetic layer; performing a heat treatment on the initial reference layer, wherein the ferromagnetic layer is magnetized to have a magnetization direction oriented along a vortex path during a heating step of the heat treatment, and an exchange bias oriented along the vortex path is induced at an interface of the anti-ferromagnetic layer and the ferromagnetic layer during a cooling step of the heat treatment; patterning the initial reference layer to form separated reference layers, wherein the reference layers are respectively formed in a annular sector shape, and the reference layers are arranged along the vortex path; forming spacer layers and free layers to form magnetoresistive devices; routing the magnetoresistive devices to form the magnetoresistive sensor.

Abstract: A control method of a driving mechanism is provided, including: the driving mechanism provides a first electrical signal from a control assembly to the driving mechanism to move the movable portion into an initial position relative to the fixed portion, wherein the control assembly includes a control unit and a position sensing unit; the status signal of an inertia sensing unit is read; the control unit sends the status signal to the control unit to calculate a target position; the control unit provides a second electrical signal to the driving assembly according to the target position for driving the driving assembly; a position signal is sent from the position sensing unit to the control unit; the control unit provides a third electric signal to the driving assembly to drive the driving assembly according the position signal.

Abstract: An optical element driving mechanism is provided. The optical element driving mechanism includes a movable portion, a fixed portion, a driving assembly, and a stopping assembly. The movable portion is used for connecting to an optical element having a main axis. The movable portion is movable relative to the fixed portion. The driving assembly is disposed on the fixed portion or the movable portion to move the movable portion relative to the fixed portion. The stopping assembly connects to the movable portion and the fixed portion to limit the range of motion of the movable portion relative to the fixed portion.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a reflective mask, an adhesion layer is formed over a mask blank. The mask blank includes a substrate, a reflective multilayer disposed over the substrate, a capping layer disposed over the reflective multilayer, an absorber layer disposed over the capping layer, and a hard mask layer disposed over the absorber layer. A photoresist pattern is formed over the adhesion layer, the adhesion layer is patterned, the hard mask layer is patterned, and the absorber layer is patterned using the patterned hard mask layer as an etching mask. The photoresist layer has a higher adhesiveness to the adhesion layer than to the hard mask layer.

Abstract: An apparatus, system and method for providing a consumable level monitor for association with a solid content-filled consumable. The embodiments may include a sensing module embedded in a label associated with the consumable suitable to sense the consumable level; and a visual indicator suitable to receive the consumable level from the sensing module, and for communicating the consumable level to a user.

Abstract: An apparatus, system and method for providing a consumable level monitor for association with a content-filled consumable. The embodiments may include a sensing module suitable to sense the consumable level; and a communications module suitable for receiving the consumable level from the sensing module, and for communicating the consumable level to a user.

Abstract: The embodiments are and include an apparatus, system and method for a liquid level monitoring dispenser for association with a liquid filled consumable. The apparatus, system and method may include: a receiver for receiving the consumable upon inversion thereof; at least one electrical contact within the receiver for communicative association with conductive strips on the consumable; a sensing module communicative with the at least one electrical contact and having associated therewith firmware for converting signals associated with the conductive strips and received at the electrical contact to an indication of the liquid level; a communications module for communicating the liquid level to at least a user display and over at least one network; a power module for powering at least the sensing module and the communications module; and at least one dispensing output in fluid communication with the consumable and capable of dispensing the liquid from the consumable to modify the liquid level.

Abstract: The embodiments are and include an apparatus, system and method for a liquid level monitoring dispenser for association with a liquid filled consumable. The apparatus, system and method may include: a receiver for receiving the consumable upon inversion thereof; at least one electrical contact within the receiver for communicative association with conductive strips on the consumable; a sensing module communicative with the at least one electrical contact and having associated therewith firmware for converting signals associated with the conductive strips and received at the electrical contact to an indication of the liquid level; a communications module for communicating the liquid level to at least a user display and over at least one network; a power module for powering at least the sensing module and the communications module; and at least one dispensing output in fluid communication with the consumable and capable of dispensing the liquid from the consumable to modify the liquid level.

Abstract: An apparatus, system and method for providing a consumable level monitor for association with a content-filled consumable. The embodiments may include a sensing module suitable to sense the consumable level; and a communications module suitable for receiving the consumable level from the sensing module, and for communicating the consumable level to a user.

Abstract: An apparatus, system and method for providing a consumable level monitor for association with a solid content-filled consumable. The embodiments may include a sensing module embedded in a label associated with the consumable suitable to sense the consumable level; and a visual indicator suitable to receive the consumable level from the sensing module, and for communicating the consumable level to a user.

Abstract: The embodiments are and include an apparatus, system and method for a liquid level monitoring dispenser for association with a liquid filled consumable. The apparatus, system and method may include: a receiver for receiving the consumable upon inversion thereof; at least one electrical contact within the receiver for communicative association with conductive strips on the consumable; a sensing module communicative with the at least one electrical contact and having associated therewith firmware for converting signals associated with the conductive strips and received at the electrical contact to an indication of the liquid level; a communications module for communicating the liquid level to at least a user display and over at least one network; a power module for powering at least the sensing module and the communications module; and at least one dispensing output in fluid communication with the consumable and capable of dispensing the liquid from the consumable to modify the liquid level.

Abstract: A battery tubing according to the present invention is provided. The battery tubing is hollow and shrinkable. The battery tubing has at least one perforation line and a user can easily tear the battery tubing along the perforation line. The present invention further provides a battery wrapped with the above battery tubing.