Abstract: In an embodiment, a method includes: forming a first inter-metal dielectric (IMD) layer over a semiconductor substrate; forming a bottom electrode layer over the first IMD layer; forming a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) film stack over the bottom electrode layer; forming a first top electrode layer over the MTJ film stack; forming a protective mask covering a first region of the first top electrode layer, a second region of the first top electrode layer being uncovered by the protective mask; forming a second top electrode layer over the protective mask and the first top electrode layer; and patterning the second top electrode layer, the first top electrode layer, the MTJ film stack, the bottom electrode layer, and the first IMD layer with an ion beam etching (IBE) process to form a MRAM cell, where the protective mask is etched during the IBE process.

Abstract: This disclosure provides systems, methods and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on computer storage media, for switching a secondary cell to a primary cell. A user equipment (UE) monitors a first radio condition of the UE for beams of a primary cell and a second radio condition for beams of one or more secondary cells configured for the UE in carrier aggregation. The UE transmits a request to configure a candidate beam of at least one candidate secondary cell as a new primary cell in response to the first radio condition not satisfying a first threshold and the second radio condition for the at least one candidate secondary cell satisfying a second threshold. A base station determines to reconfigure at least one secondary cell as the new primary cell. The base station and the UE perform a handover of the UE to the new primary cell.

Abstract: The invention provides a gray level control method for outputting a total gray level during a total period, including: dividing the total period into M unit periods; alternatively outputting a gray level “0” or a selected gray level during each unit period; and integrating the gray levels output during the M unit periods to obtain the total gray level, wherein during each of N successive unit periods of the M unit periods the selected gray level is a first gray level, and during each of the remaining (M?N) unit periods the selected gray level is lower than the first gray level.

Abstract: A three-dimension light field construction apparatus is applied to constrict a light field on a viewing plane. The three-dimension light field construction includes a plurality of projectors and a rear-displaying unit. The projectors are arranged along a first axis, and each projector projects an imaging beam along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis. The rear-displaying unit comprises a linear Fresnel lens and a vertical diffuser, the linear Fresnel lens is close to the projectors. The rear-displaying unit makes each of the imaging beams converge on a virtual surface between the rear-displaying unit and the viewing plane for forming at least one intersection, so as to construct at least one light field on the viewing plane.

Abstract: An autostereoscopic display device includes a first light source, a light beam deviating device, a first light modulator, a lens, and an optical module. The first light source is configured for providing a first light beam. The light beam deviating device is configured for deviating the first light beam propagated from the first light source to different directions in sequence. The first light modulator is configured for modulating the first light beam into a plurality of first image light beams in sequence. The optical module is configured for guiding the first light beam propagated from the light beam deviating device to the first light modulator, and guiding the first image light beams to the lens.

Abstract: A three-dimension light field construction apparatus is applied to constrict a light field on a viewing plane. The three-dimension light field construction includes a plurality of projectors and a rear-displaying unit. The projectors are arranged along a first axis, and each projector projects an imaging beam along a second axis perpendicular to the first axis. The rear-displaying unit comprises a linear Fresnel lens and a vertical diffuser, the linear Fresnel lens is close to the projectors. The rear-displaying unit makes each of the imaging beams converge on a virtual surface between the rear-displaying unit and the viewing plane for forming at least one intersection, so as to construct at least one light field on the viewing plane.

Abstract: A projection screen includes a reflector and a plurality of compound lenses. The compound lenses are arranged at the same side of the reflector in an array manner. Each of the compound lenses has a first lens portion and a second lens portion. The first lens portion is disposed between the second lens portion and the reflector. A surface of the first lens portion opposite to the reflector has a first radius of curvature, and a surface of the second lens portion opposite to the reflector has a second radius of curvature. The first radius of curvature has a length greater than the second radius of curvature.

Abstract: A projection screen includes a reflector and a plurality of compound lenses. The compound lenses are arranged at the same side of the reflector in an array manner. Each of the compound lenses has a first lens portion and a second lens portion. The first lens portion is disposed between the second lens portion and the reflector. A surface of the first lens portion opposite to the reflector has a first radius of curvature, and a surface of the second lens portion opposite to the reflector has a second radius of curvature. The first radius of curvature has a length greater than the second radius of curvature.

Abstract: A stereoscopic projection device includes a plurality of light source modules, a dichroic mirror, a first optical module, a second optical module, and a beam-combining prism. Each light source module includes a plurality of light sources used for providing light beams and a prism module used for collecting the light beams. The light beams propagate at different angles after passing through the prism module. The light source modules are disposed on different sides of the dichroic mirror. The dichroic mirror is used for guiding portions of the light beams to a first optical path, and guiding other portions of the light beams to a second optical path. The first and second optical modules disposed on the first and second optical path are used for guiding and modulating the light beams passing along the first and second optical paths and forming first and second image light beams with different images.

Abstract: The invention provides a gray level control method for outputting a total gray level during a total period, including: dividing the total period into M unit periods; alternatively outputting a gray level “0” or a selected gray level during each unit period; and integrating the gray levels output during the M unit periods to obtain the total gray level, wherein during each of N successive unit periods of the M unit periods the selected gray level is a first gray level, and during each of the remaining (M-N) unit periods the selected gray level is lower than the first gray level.

Abstract: An autostereoscopic display device includes a first light source, a light beam deviating device, a first light modulator, a lens, and an optical module. The first light source is configured for providing a first light beam. The light beam deviating device is configured for deviating the first light beam propagated from the first light source to different directions in sequence. The first light modulator is configured for modulating the first light beam into a plurality of first image light beams in sequence. The optical module is configured for guiding the first light beam propagated from the light beam deviating device to the first light modulator, and guiding the first image light beams to the lens.

Abstract: A stereoscopic projection device includes a plurality of light source modules, a dichroic mirror, a first optical module, a second optical module, and a beam-combining prism. Each light source module includes a plurality of light sources used for providing light beams and a prism module used for collecting the light beams. The light beams propagate at different angles after passing through the prism module. The light source modules are disposed on different sides of the dichroic mirror. The dichroic mirror is used for guiding portions of the light beams to a first optical path, and guiding other portions of the light beams to a second optical path. The first and second optical modules disposed on the first and second optical path are used for guiding and modulating the light beams passing along the first and second optical paths and forming first and second image light beams with different images.

Abstract: An image de-interlacing method for estimating an interpolation luminance of an interpolated pixel, including: selecting a plurality of first and second candidate pixels respectively on upper and lower lines adjacent to the interpolated pixel, calculating a plurality of weighted directional differences respectively associated with one of the first candidate pixels and one of the second candidate pixels with weighting values determined by comparing similarity of luminance decreasing/increasing patterns near the associated first and second candidate pixels on the upper and lower lines, selecting a first selected pixel and a second selected pixel respectively from the first and second candidate pixels associated with the smallest weighted directional difference, and obtaining the interpolation luminance according to the first and second selected pixels.

Abstract: An image de-interlacing method for estimating an interpolation luminance of an interpolated pixel improving interpolation quality of oblique lines comprises selecting a plurality of candidate interpolation directions extending from one of a plurality of first candidate interpolation pixels to one of a plurality of second candidate interpolation pixels respectively on top and bottom lines adjacent to the interpolated pixel, classifying the candidate interpolation directions with first candidate interpolation pixels located at the upper left, upper right, and upper middle of the second candidate interpolation pixel respectively into first, second, and third directional groups, and selecting one or all of the directional groups to obtain the interpolation luminance of the interpolated pixel according to whether regions around the interpolated are present in an ambiguous area of an oblique line, and if so, further according to direction type (and color type) of the oblique line.

Abstract: An image de-interlacing method for estimating an interpolation luminance of an interpolated pixel, including: selecting a plurality of first and second candidate pixels respectively on upper and lower lines adjacent to the interpolated pixel, calculating a plurality of weighted directional differences respectively associated with one of the first candidate pixels and one of the second candidate pixels with weighting values determined by comparing similarity of luminance decreasing/increasing patterns near the associated first and second candidate pixels on the upper and lower lines, selecting a first selected pixel and a second selected pixel respectively from the first and second candidate pixels associated with the smallest weighted directional difference, and obtaining the interpolation luminance according to the first and second selected pixels.

Abstract: A 3D-graphics processing method for processing 3D objects in a computer system defines a visible region having a far plane and a near plane. A clipping process is performed for a first object lying across the near plane while a second object lying across the far plane is exempted from the clipping process. In stead, the second object is performed with a rendering process as a whole to obtain a plurality of pixels. The depth values of the pixels are then compared with a depth value of the far plane. For any of the pixels having a depth value greater than the depth value of the far plane, it is discarded from display. On the other hand, any of the pixels of the first object not blocked by other pixels in front thereof and having a depth value smaller than the depth value of the far plane is outputted for display.

Abstract: A X-Y plane is divided into a plurality of tile rows. Each tile row covered by a triangle to be processed includes one or more tiles. The tiles in the same tile row are rastered in a specified order.

Abstract: A 3D-graphics processing method for processing 3D objects in a computer system defines a visible region having a far plane and a near plane. A clipping process is performed for a first object lying across the near plane while a second object lying across the far plane is exempted from the clipping process. In stead, the second object is performed with a rendering process as a whole to obtain a plurality of pixels. The depth values of the pixels are then compared with a depth value of the far plane. For any of the pixels having a depth value greater than the depth value of the far plane, it is discarded from display. On the other hand, any of the pixels of the first object not blocked by other pixels in front thereof and having a depth value smaller than the depth value of the far plane is outputted for display.

Abstract: The invention relates to stabilized formulations of therapeutically active peptides, particularly PACAP 66. Formulations of the invention include a peptide containing at least one histidine residue, a transition metal salt and an organic solvent. The above formulations may contain peptides that have at least one asparagine residue and are acidified and dried (such as spray-dried or freeze-dried) before formulation preparation. Other formulations of the invention relate to stabilized formulations of PACAP 66 or peptides containing an asparagine residue, which are acidified and dried (such as spray-died or freeze-dried) with or without a transition metal salt.

Abstract: A fruit peeling machine comprises a base, a transmission rod, an engagement device, a fruit fastening member, and a peeling tool. The transmission rod is rotatably and slidably mounted on the base and provided with at least two spiral slots different from each other in guide range and forming on the transmission rod a meeting place and a separating place which is separated from the meeting place by a distance. The fruit fastening member is fastened with the front end of the transmission rod. The peeling tool is mounted on the base to facilitate the peeling of the fruit held by the fruit fastening member. The engagement device is mounted on the base and composed of at least two engaging members each having two engaging teeth engageable with the spiral slots to enable said transmission rod to displace variously in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the transmission rod at the time when the transmission rod is rotated.