Abstract: A method of decoding a bitstream by an electronic device is provided. Encoded data is received for at least one image frame each including one or more regions. A first affine flag is determined from a first syntax structure associated with the at least one image frame when an affine mode including affine tools is enabled in the at least one image frame. A second affine flag is present in the first syntax structure when the first affine flag is equal to one. A third affine flag corresponding to one of the affine tools is present in a second syntax structure associated with a specific one of the one or more region when the second affine flag is equal to one. The specific region is reconstructed based on first candidate modes including the one of the affine tools when the third affine flag is equal to zero.

Abstract: A method of decoding a bitstream by an electronic device is provided. An image frame is received from the bitstream. A block unit is determined from the received image frame. A plurality of model parameters is derived based on motion information of a plurality of neighboring blocks neighboring the block unit. An intermediate block is derived for a sub-block in the block unit based on the plurality of model parameters. A vector formula is determined based on the plurality of model parameters, and at least one vector value is calculated based on the vector formula for at least one sampling position in the sub-block. The at least one vector value is compared with a threshold to determine whether the intermediate block is adjusted based on the vector formula to generate a predicted block. The sub-block is reconstructed based on the predicted block.

Abstract: A method of decoding a bitstream by an electronic device is provided. A block unit is determined from an image frame received from the bitstream. First motion information having a first list flag for selecting a first reference frame and second motion information having a second list flag for selecting a second reference frame are received from a candidate list to reconstruct the block unit. A predefined one of the first and the second motion information is stored for a sub-block determined in the block unit without checking whether the first and second reference frames are included in a reference list indicated by a flag value different from the two list flags when the first list flag is identical to the second list flag. A following block is reconstructed based on the stored motion information when the following block is reconstructed based on the sub-block.

Abstract: A method of decoding a bitstream by an electronic device is provided. An image frame is received from the bitstream. A block unit is determined from the image frame. An intra prediction mode index corresponding to one of a plurality of wide-angle candidate modes each having an angle parameter is determined for the block unit based on the bitstream. A plurality of reference samples neighboring the block unit is determined. The electronic device determines whether the intra prediction mode index is different from predefined indices each corresponding to one of predefined wide-angle modes in the wide-angle candidate modes. A plurality of filtered samples is generated by an interpolation filter based on the reference samples when the intra prediction mode index is different from the predefined indices. The block unit is reconstructed based on the filtered samples along a mode direction of the intra prediction mode index.

Abstract: A deslagging device has an assembling rod and a deslagging plate. The assembling rod has a mounting head and an assembling section connected to the mounting head. The deslagging plate is mounted to the assembling rod and has a plate mounted to the assembling section and having a first face, a second face, and multiple conical channels. The first face and the second face face to opposite directions. The first face faces to the mounting head. The multiple conical channels are defined through the plate and spaced apart from one another. Each one of the multiple conical channels has a first opening and a second opening. The first opening is formed in the first face of the plate and has a diameter. The second opening is formed in the second face of the plate and has a diameter larger than the diameter of the first opening.