Abstract: A method includes forming a contact spacer on a sidewall of an inter-layer dielectric, wherein the contact spacer encircles a contact opening, forming a silicide region in the opening and on a source/drain region, depositing an adhesion layer extending into the contact opening, and performing a treatment process, so that the contact spacer is treated. The treatment process is selected from the group consisting of an oxidation process, a carbonation process, and combinations thereof. The method further includes depositing a metal barrier over the adhesion layer, depositing a metallic material to fill the contact opening, and performing a planarization process to remove excess portions of the metallic material over the inter-layer dielectric.

Abstract: A resistive random access memory (ReRAM) apparatus is provided. The ReRAM apparatus includes a plurality of memory cells, each of the memory cells comprises a transistor and a resistor; a bit line connected to a first terminal of the resistor of each of the memory cells; a local source line connected to a source electrode of the transistor of each of the memory cells; and a driving cell connected between the local source line and a global source line. A method for operating the ReRAM apparatus is also provided.

Abstract: A laser processing method and a laser processing system are provided. The laser processing method includes: irradiating a processing area of a workpiece with an electromagnetic wave; and after irradiating the processing area of the workpiece with the electromagnetic wave, irradiating the processing area of the workpiece with a processing pulse.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pharmaceutical composition for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, comprising an effective amount of human mesenchymal stem cells, human serum albumin, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. Also disclosed is a method for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of human mesenchymal stem cells, human serum albumin, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides solutions to probing an interface. With a noninvasive measuring device provided in one embodiment of the disclosure, an acoustic wave whose frequency is higher than approximately 300 GHz is generated to propagate in a buffering film. With measuring the reflection from the interface of an object to be measured interfacing with the buffering film, it is possible in one embodiment of the disclosure that at least one physical property of the interface may be analyzed, preferably with approximately 0.3 nm resolution.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides solutions to probing an interface. With a noninvasive measuring device provided in one embodiment of the disclosure, an acoustic wave whose frequency is higher than approximately 300 GHz is generated to propagate in a buffering film. With measuring the reflection from the interface of an object to be measured interfacing with the buffering film, it is possible in one embodiment of the disclosure that at least one physical property of the interface may be analyzed, preferably with approximately 0.3 nm resolution.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides solutions to probing an interface. With a noninvasive measuring device provided in one embodiment of the disclosure, an acoustic wave whose frequency is higher than approximately 300 GHz is generated to propagate in a buffering film. With measuring the reflection from the interface of an object to be measured interfacing with the buffering film, it is possible in one embodiment of the disclosure that at least one physical property of the interface may be analyzed, preferably with approximately 0.3 nm resolution.