Abstract: An input signal Vin is sampled, when a first terminal of a sampling capacitor is connected to a node and a second terminal of the sampling capacitor is connected to an analog ground. A charge transfer operation is performed, when the first terminal of the sampling capacitor is connected to the analog ground and the second terminal of the sampling capacitor is connected to an inverting input terminal of an operational amplifier. A quantization is performed, when an output of the operational amplifier is input to a quantizer. Most significant bits are generated by repeating a subtraction operation in which a charge subtraction unit subtracts a charge accumulated in the integration capacitor based on a quantization result a predetermined number of times. Least significant bits are generated when a voltage provided by amplifying a voltage corresponding to a charge remaining in the integration capacitor is input to a sub-A/D converter after generation of the most significant bits.

Abstract: An input signal Vin is sampled, when a first terminal of a sampling capacitor is connected to a node and a second terminal of the sampling capacitor is connected to an analog ground. A charge transfer operation is performed, when the first terminal of the sampling capacitor is connected to the analog ground and the second terminal of the sampling capacitor is connected to an inverting input terminal of an operational amplifier. A quantization is performed, when an output of the operational amplifier is input to a quantizer. Most significant bits are generated by repeating a subtraction operation in which a charge subtraction unit subtracts a charge accumulated in the integration capacitor based on a quantization result a predetermined number of times. Least significant bits are generated when a voltage provided by amplifying a voltage corresponding to a charge remaining in the integration capacitor is input to a sub-A/D converter after generation of the most significant bits.

Abstract: Provided is an instantaneous hot water circulation unit with a scale cleaning function which can easily perform pipe cleaning for removing scale. The instantaneous hot water circulation unit which includes a hot water supply inlet portion connected to a hot water discharge unit of a hot water supply device, a hot water supply outlet portion connected to an external hot water supply unit, a hot water returning unit, a hot water outgoing unit, a hot water supply pipe, a hot water pipe, and a circulation pump, and a bypass pipe, which drives the circulation pump to perform an instantaneous hot water circulation operation when stoping hot water supply, wherein a storage tank configured to store a cleaning agent used in a cleaning operation of cleaning an inside of the pipe of the hot water supply device is provided at the bypass pipe.

Abstract: A water heating apparatus includes: a water heating circuit; a heater for heating the water heating circuit; and a controller for controlling the water heating apparatus. The water heating circuit includes a heat exchanger for heating a fluid including water and hot water, and a pipe for supplying the fluid via the heat exchanger. The controller is configured to drive the heater in a cleaning mode in which a cleaning liquid for cleaning an inside of the heat exchanger is supplied to the heat exchanger through the pipe.

Abstract: Provided is an instantaneous hot water circulation unit with a scale cleaning function which can easily perform pipe cleaning for removing scale. The instantaneous hot water circulation unit which includes a hot water supply inlet portion connected to a hot water discharge unit of a hot water supply device, a hot water supply outlet portion connected to an external hot water supply unit, a hot water returning unit, a hot water outgoing unit, a hot water supply pipe, a hot water pipe, and a circulation pump, and a bypass pipe, which drives the circulation pump to perform an instantaneous hot water circulation operation when stoping hot water supply, wherein a storage tank configured to store a cleaning agent used in a cleaning operation of cleaning an inside of the pipe of the hot water supply device is provided at the bypass pipe.

Abstract: A water heater includes a burner of a premixed type, a heat exchanger, and a fan suctioning combustion gas and exhausting combustion gas to the outside. The burner includes a burner case partitioned into a combustion chamber and a gas introduction chamber by a partition plate and a plurality of combustion tubes arranged in the combustion chamber. An air supply opening for supplying air into the gas introduction chamber is provided in the burner case. The partition plate has a plurality of opening portions communicating with the inside of the combustion tubes and a plurality of through holes communicating with the outside of the combustion tubes within the combustion chamber. The air supply opening is constructed to have an opening area smaller than the total sum of the total of opening areas of the plurality of opening portions and the total of opening areas of the plurality of through holes.

Abstract: A water heating apparatus includes a burner, a heat exchanger for heating hot and cold water with use of heat from the burner, a scale detector for detecting occurrence of scale clogging in the heat exchanger, a notifying unit for notifying an error when the scale detector detects occurrence of a scale greater than or equal to a predetermined amount, and a controller performing a control of allowing the notifying unit to notify an error and prohibiting combustion operation of the burner when the scale detector detects occurrence of a scale greater than or equal to the predetermined amount. The controller is configured to start a cleaning mode for cleaning inside the heat exchanger when the controller detects shifting operation to the cleaning mode after the combustion operation of the burner is prohibited.

Abstract: A hot water supply device 1 includes a fin-and-tube type heat exchanger (21) that applies heat to fresh water with combustion gases, and a heat exchanger casing (22) for housing the heat exchanger (21), and in order to be able reliably to determine by a simple method whether the hot water supply device is clogged by lime scale, there are provided a temperature detector (31) for detecting the surface temperature of the heat exchanger casing (22) and a control unit (7) that determines that scale has built up in the heat exchange tubing (27) of the heat exchanger (21) when the temperature detected by this temperature detector (31) is greater than a set temperature.

Abstract: A water heating apparatus includes: a water heating circuit; a heater for heating the water heating circuit; and a controller for controlling the water heating apparatus. The water heating circuit includes a heat exchanger for heating a fluid including water and hot water, and a pipe for supplying the fluid via the heat exchanger. The controller is configured to drive the heater in a cleaning mode in which a cleaning liquid for cleaning an inside of the heat exchanger is supplied to the heat exchanger through the pipe.

Abstract: A water heater includes a burner of a premixed type, a heat exchanger, and a fan suctioning combustion gas and exhausting combustion gas to the outside. The burner includes a burner case partitioned into a combustion chamber and a gas introduction chamber by a partition plate and a plurality of combustion tubes arranged in the combustion chamber. An air supply opening for supplying air into the gas introduction chamber is provided in the burner case. The partition plate has a plurality of opening portions communicating with the inside of the combustion tubes and a plurality of through holes communicating with the outside of the combustion tubes within the combustion chamber. The air supply opening is constructed to have an opening area smaller than the total sum of the total of opening areas of the plurality of opening portions and the total of opening areas of the plurality of through holes.

Abstract: A hot water supply device 1 includes a fin-and-tube type heat exchanger (b 21) that applies heat to fresh water with combustion gases, and a heat exchanger casing (b 22) for housing the heat exchanger (b 21), and in order to be able reliably to determine by a simple method whether the hot water supply device is clogged by lime scale, there are provided a temperature detector (b 31) for detecting the surface temperature of the heat exchanger casing (b 22) and a control unit (b 7) that determines that scale has built up in the heat exchange tubing (b 27) of the heat exchanger (b 21) when the temperature detected by this temperature detector (b 31) is greater than a set temperature.

Abstract: A water heating apparatus includes a burner, a heat exchanger for heating hot and cold water with use of heat from the burner, a scale detector for detecting occurrence of scale clogging in the heat exchanger, a notifying unit for notifying an error when the scale detector detects occurrence of a scale greater than or equal to a predetermined amount, and a controller performing a control of allowing the notifying unit to notify an error and prohibiting combustion operation of the burner when the scale detector detects occurrence of a scale greater than or equal to the predetermined amount. The controller is configured to start a cleaning mode for cleaning inside the heat exchanger when the controller detects shifting operation to the cleaning mode after the combustion operation of the burner is prohibited.

Abstract: A latent heat recovery type water heater A being designed such that water flown in a secondary heat exchanger 2 is heated, and the heated water is supplied to a primary heat exchanger 1 and is further heated. A controller 4 compares heat exchange efficiency ? of the secondary heat exchanger 2 with a predetermined threshold value Th, and the controller 4 determines whether the primary heat exchanger 1 is in a normal condition or not. The threshold value Th is changed corresponding to temperature of inflow water to the secondary heat exchanger 2. Accordingly, an abnormality such as scale adherence in the primary heat exchanger 1 is accurately detected regardless of the fact that the primary heat exchanger 1 and the secondary heat exchanger 2 are connected by a bypass path or not.

Abstract: A sputtering apparatus comprises a substrate holder, and a screening member configured to screen a substrate mount surface of a surface of the substrate holder. The screening member comprises a first screening member configured to rotate about an axis in a first direction perpendicular to the substrate mount surface and screen at least a first area, and a second screening member configured to rotate about the axis and screen at least a second area. The first and second screening members are configured to be rotated to move between a screening position at which the first screening member screens at least the first area and the second screening member screens at least the second area and a retreat position at which the first and second screening members retract from an area above the substrate mount surface and overlap each other.

Abstract: A sputtering apparatus comprises a substrate holder, and a screening member configured to screen a substrate mount surface of a surface of the substrate holder. The screening member comprises a first screening member configured to rotate about an axis in a first direction perpendicular to the substrate mount surface and screen at least a first area, and a second screening member configured to rotate about the axis and screen at least a second area. The first and second screening members are configured to be rotated to move between a screening position at which the first screening member screens at least the first area and the second screening member screens at least the second area and a retreat position at which the first and second screening members retract from an area above the substrate mount surface and overlap each other.