Abstract: A derailleur for a human-powered vehicle comprises a base member, a movable member, a linkage, an electrical actuator, a first biasing member, and a second biasing member. The base member is configured to be attached to a vehicle body of the human-powered vehicle. The movable member is configured to be movable relative to the base member in a first direction and a second direction different from the first direction. The linkage is configured to movably connect the movable member to the base member. The electrical actuator is configured to operatively move the movable member relative to the base member. The first biasing member is configured to deform if first external force is applied to move the movable member in the first direction. The second biasing member is configured to deform if second external force is applied to move the movable member in the second direction.

Abstract: An electric device of a human-powered vehicle comprises electronic controller circuitry. The electronic controller circuitry is configured to obtain at least one of chain guide information and sprocket information. The chain guide information is indicative of at least one chain guide. The sprocket information is indicative of at least one sprocket assembly. The electronic controller circuitry is configured to set one of at least two pieces of gear changing information as setting information based on the at least one of the chain guide information and the sprocket information. The electronic controller circuitry is configured to perform a gear shift control based on the setting information. Each of the at least two pieces of the gear changing information including at least two stop positions of a chain guide respectively corresponding to at least two sprockets of a sprocket assembly.

Abstract: A derailleur for a human-powered vehicle comprises a base member, a movable member, a linkage, an electrical actuator, a first biasing member, and a second biasing member. The base member is configured to be attached to a vehicle body of the human-powered vehicle. The movable member is configured to be movable relative to the base member in a first direction and a second direction different from the first direction. The linkage is configured to movably connect the movable member to the base member. The electrical actuator is configured to operatively move the movable member relative to the base member. The first biasing member is configured to deform if first external force is applied to move the movable member in the first direction. The second biasing member is configured to deform if second external force is applied to move the movable member in the second direction.

Abstract: A user interface of a bicycle derailleur is configured to receive a user input to execute at least one of: calibration in which a sensor is reset; changing an assist operation of an assist driving unit; changing information displayed in a display; a recovering operation by an actuator of the bicycle derailleur; a reset of a pairing operation; changing a shifting threshold used in an automatic shifting mode; changing a communication channel between a wired communication channel and a wireless communication channel; changing a function assigned to an operating device; a shut-down of a system of the bicycle derailleur; a wake-up operation of the system; a restart of the system; an operation of at least one additional bicycle component; changing a shifting mode between the automatic shifting mode and a manual shifting mode; and changing the shifting operation between a synchronized shifting mode and a non-synchronized shifting mode.

Abstract: Provided is a method for evaluating muscle strength characteristics of a limb based on a muscle group model including a first pair of antagonistic one-joint muscles, a second pair of antagonistic one-joint muscles, and a pair of antagonistic two-joint muscles, where the limb has a first rod having a proximal end supported by a first joint and a second rod supported on a free end of the first rod through a second joint. The method includes: measuring a maximum output of a free end of the second rod in at least one predetermined direction; measuring orbiting outputs of the free end of the second rod in all directions in the plane; and creating a hexagonal maximum output distribution corresponding to a contribution amount of each muscle of the muscle group model based on the maximum output in the predetermined direction and the orbiting outputs.

Abstract: A muscular strength characteristic evaluation method evaluates a muscular strength characteristic of a limb 3 including a first rod L1 having a base end supported by a first joint Ji, and a second rod L2 supported by a free end of the first rod via a second joint J2. The muscular strength characteristic evaluation method includes the following steps. In Step ST1, a free end of the second rod is moved at two or more different velocities va, vb, and vc in a predetermined direction, and an output at the free end of the second rod is respectively measured at a predetermined position O. In Step ST2, a function indicating a relationship between the output and the velocity in a direction is calculated based on the output and the velocity. In Steps ST3 and ST4, the muscular strength characteristic is evaluated based on the function.

Abstract: A user interface of a bicycle derailleur is configured to receive a user input to execute at least one of: calibration in which a sensor is reset; changing an assist operation of an assist driving unit; changing information displayed in a display; a recovering operation by an actuator of the bicycle derailleur; a reset of a pairing operation; changing a shifting threshold used in an automatic shifting mode; changing a communication channel between a wired communication channel and a wireless communication channel; changing a function assigned to an operating device; a shut-down of a system of the bicycle derailleur; a wake-up operation of the system; a restart of the system; an operation of at least one additional bicycle component; changing a shifting mode between the automatic shifting mode and a manual shifting mode; and changing the shifting operation between a synchronized shifting mode and a non-synchronized shifting mode.

Abstract: A target object detection device is provided. The device includes a signal processor, a display unit, and a controller. The signal processor receives a reception signal generated based on an echo of an ultrasonic wave from a target object and generates echo data corresponding to a distance from a transmission source of the ultrasonic wave to the target object every time the ultrasonic wave is transmitted. The display unit has a display screen with a first side and a second side that is turnable in an axial direction perpendicular to the display screen, and displays an image on the display screen based on the echo data. The controller sets a range with respect to time at which the ultrasonic wave is transmitted, and outputs the echo data corresponding to the ultrasonic wave within the time range according to turning of the display screen.

Abstract: A target object detection device is provided. The device includes a signal processor, a display unit, and a controller. The signal processor receives a reception signal generated based on an echo of an ultrasonic wave from a target object and generates echo data corresponding to a distance from a transmission source of the ultrasonic wave to the target object every time the ultrasonic wave is transmitted. The display unit has a display screen with a first side and a second side that is turnable in an axial direction perpendicular to the display screen, and displays an image on the display screen based on the echo data. The controller sets a range with respect to time at which the ultrasonic wave is transmitted, and outputs the echo data corresponding to the ultrasonic wave within the time range according to turning of the display screen.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus including: a transfer belt; a rotational body; a transfer roller that forms a transfer nip part between the transfer roller and the rotational body with the transfer belt therebetween; a pressing section that presses one of the rotational body and the transfer roller against the other of the rotational body and the transfer roller; and a controlling section that controls the pressing section so as to change the pressing direction of the rotational body or the transfer roller in accordance with a predetermined image formation condition.