Abstract: Provided is an operating method of a nonvolatile memory device including a plurality of cell strings, each cell string of the plurality of cell strings including a plurality of memory cells, connected between a bit line and a common source line, and vertical holes penetrating a plurality of word lines stacked in a direction perpendicular to a substrate, the operating method including applying a word line voltage to the plurality of word lines, classifying the plurality of word lines into a plurality of regions, each region of the plurality of regions including at least one of the word lines, and recovering voltages of the plurality of word lines by recovering voltages of word lines arranged in a central region among the plurality of regions before recovering voltages of word lines in other regions of the plurality of regions.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a language translator having an automatic input/output interface and a method of interfacing the same. In certain embodiments, the language translator comprises a text input unit, a translation engine, a working environment determining unit and an output unit. The text input unit is configured to receive a first text in a first language. The translation engine is configured to translate the first text into a second text in a second language. The working environment determining unit is configured to determine a current working environment. The output unit is configured to output the second text in the current working environment. The user does not need to type or copy-and-paste the translation result in the working environment, thereby improving the convenience of using the language translator.