Abstract: Disclosed herein are a pharmaceutical composition comprising an inhibitor of Olfr164 for the prevention or treatment of sepsis, a method for the prevention or treatment of sepsis, a use of Olfr164 as a marker for selecting sepsis therapeutic agents, a screening method for sepsis therapeutics using same, and a transgenic animal in which Olfr164 is knocked out. The composition comprising Olfr164 inhibitor can effectively prevent or treat sepsis. Additionally, sepsis therapeutics can be effectively screened by comparing the expression level or activity of Olfr164 before and after administering the candidate substance.