Abstract: A layout pattern of a magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) includes a substrate having a first cell region, a second cell region, a third cell region, and a fourth cell region and a diffusion region on the substrate extending through the first cell region, the second cell region, the third cell region, and the fourth cell region. Preferably, the diffusion region includes a H-shape according to a top view.

Abstract: A layout of a semiconductor memory device includes a substrate and a ternary content addressable memory (TCAM). The TCAM is disposed on the substrate and includes a plurality of TCAM bit cells, where at least two of the TCAM bit cells are mirror-symmetrical along an axis of symmetry, and each of the TCAM bit cells includes two storage units electrically connected to two word lines respectively, and a logic circuit electrically connected to the storage units. The logic circuit includes two first reading transistors, and two second reading transistors, where each of the second reading transistors includes a gate and source and drain regions, the source and drain regions of the second reading transistors are electrically connected to two matching lines and the first reading transistors, respectively, where the word lines are disposed parallel to and between the matching lines.

Abstract: A method of calibrating and debugging a testing system is provided. First, values of different electrical path segments are calibrated, and parameters of the electrical path segments while being calibrated are saved. After calibration, electrical tests can be processed on a DUT. If the testing system malfunctions, the values of the electrical path segments are calibrated again to compare the current parameters to the previously saved parameters. The component which goes wrong can be found out quickly in this way.

Abstract: A testing system includes a test machine, a plurality of probe sets, a data input device, a controller, a memory, and a data output device. The test machine has a platform for a DUT to be placed thereon, and a test arm which is movable relative to the platform. The probe sets are provided on the test machine with at least one probe set provided on the test arm to contact the DUT. The data input device is used to input information about the DUT. The controller is electrically connected to the test arm, the probe set on the test arm, and the data input device to move the test arm to a predetermined position according to the inputted information, and to make the probe set contact the DUT for electrical test. The memory saves electrical test result, which is outputted by the data output device.

Abstract: A method of calibrating and debugging a testing system is provided. First, values of different electrical path segments are calibrated, and parameters of the electrical path segments while being calibrated are saved. After calibration, electrical tests can be processed on a DUT. If the testing system malfunctions, the values of the electrical path segments are calibrated again to compare the current parameters to the previously saved parameters. The component which goes wrong can be found out quickly in this way.

Abstract: A method of operating a testing system is provided, wherein the testing system has a test machine and a probe module, which has a first probe set and a second probe set. One of the first probe set and the second probe set can be connected to the test machine. The method includes the following steps: connect the test machine and the first probe set; calibrate the testing system; abut the first probe set against a DUT to do electrical tests; disconnect the first probe set and the DUT; disconnect the test machine and the first probe set; connect the test machine and the second probe set; calibrate the testing system again; abut the second probe set against the DUT to do electrical tests.

Abstract: A method of calibrating and debugging a testing system is provided. First, values of different electrical path segments are calibrated, and parameters of the electrical path segments while being calibrated are saved. After calibration, electrical tests can be processed on a DUT. If the testing system malfunctions, the values of the electrical path segments are calibrated again to compare the current parameters to the previously saved parameters. The component which goes wrong can be found out quickly in this way.

Abstract: A method of calibrating and debugging a testing system is provided. First, values of different electrical path segments are calibrated, and parameters of the electrical path segments while being calibrated are saved. After calibration, electrical tests can be processed on a DUT. If the testing system malfunctions, the values of the electrical path segments are calibrated again to compare the current parameters to the previously saved parameters. The component which goes wrong can be found out quickly in this way.

Abstract: A testing system includes a test machine, a plurality of probe sets, a data input device, a controller, a memory, and a data output device. The test machine has a platform for a DUT to be placed thereon, and a test arm which is movable relative to the platform. The probe sets are provided on the test machine with at least one probe set provided on the test arm to contact the DUT. The data input device is used to input information about the DUT. The controller is electrically connected to the test arm, the probe set on the test arm, and the data input device to move the test arm to a predetermined position according to the inputted information, and to make the probe set contact the DUT for electrical test. The memory saves electrical test result, which is outputted by the data output device.

Abstract: A method of calibrating and operating a testing system is provided, wherein the testing system has a test machine, a conducting wire set, a calibration module, and a probe module. The method includes the following steps: electrically connect the test machine and the conducting wire set; electrically connect the conducting wire set and the calibration module; send out electrical signals from the test machine to the calibration module for doing at least one test among a short-circuit test, an open-circuit test, and an impedance test, and then calibrate the testing system by correspondingly performing compensation based on results of these tests; electrically disconnect the conducting wire set and the calibration module, and electrically connect the conducting wire set and the probe module; abut the probe module against a DUT; send out electrical signals from the test machine to the probe module to do electrical tests on the DUT.

Abstract: A testing system includes a test machine, a communication device, a server, and a user-end device. The test machine does electrical test on an electronic product, wherein the test machine generates a first signal when the test is completed, and generates a second signal when the measured yield is lower than a predetermined threshold. The communication device is electrically connected to the test machine to receive the first signal or the second signal. The communication device correspondingly converts the received signals into first information or second information, and then outputs the first and the second information to a first network. The server communicates with the first network to receive the first and the second information outputted by the communication device, and then outputs the received information to a second network. The user-end device communicates with the second network to receive the first and the second information outputted by the server.

Abstract: A method of operating a testing system is provided, wherein the testing system has a test machine and a probe module, which has a first probe set and a second probe set. One of the first probe set and the second probe set can be connected to the test machine. The method includes the following steps: connect the test machine and the first probe set; calibrate the testing system; abut the first probe set against a DUT to do electrical tests; disconnect the first probe set and the DUT; disconnect the test machine and the first probe set; connect the test machine and the second probe set; calibrate the testing system again; abut the second probe set against the DUT to do electrical tests.