Abstract: Systems and methods of generating a security key for an integrated circuit device include generating a plurality of key bits with a physically unclonable function (PUF) device. The PUF can include a random number generator that can create random bits. The random bits may be stored in a nonvolatile memory. The number of random bits stored in the nonvolatile memory allows for a plurality of challenge and response interactions to obtain a plurality of security keys from the PUF.

Abstract: An optical sensing device is disclosed. The optical sensing device includes a sensing pixel, a driving circuit and a first light shielding layer. The sensing pixel includes a sensing circuit and a sensing element electrically connected to the sensing circuit. The driving circuit is electrically connected to the sensing circuit. The first light shielding layer includes at least one first opening corresponding to the sensing element, and the first light shielding layer is overlapped with the driving circuit in a top-view direction of the optical sensing device.

Abstract: A pupil tracking method includes: retrieving an external eye image of a subject, wherein the external eye image includes a pupil of the subject; performing an image preprocessing on the external eye image, wherein the image preprocessing includes performing a binary conversion on the external eye image to obtain a binary image; finding out a contour boundary of each feature in the binary image, and finding out a pupil feature based on a variance of a distance from the contour boundary of each feature to a corresponding reference point; fitting the contour boundary of the pupil feature by a boundary fitting method to find a center coordinate of the pupil feature. The abovementioned pupil tracking method can track the pupil of the subject's eyeball without using a stereo camera. An ophthalmology inspection device using the abovementioned pupil tracking method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A fundus camera displays guide information on a display panel which can be viewed by a testee to guide the testee to adjust a relative position of the fundus camera and a tested eyeball of the testee to a determined position. Therefore, the testee can use the above-mentioned fundus camera to self-shoot fundus images with better image quality. A method for self-shooting fundus is also disclosed.

Abstract: An induction cooker includes a rectifying device, a first energy-storage device, a switch device, a second energy-storage device, a heating device and a control device. The capacitance of the second energy-storage device is greater than the capacitance of the first energy-storage device. When the induction cooker is just starting, the control device controls the switch device to be turned off, such that the heating device generates an output current according to an energy of the first energy-storage device. The control device determines whether a pot is on the heating device according to a change state of the output current. When the pot is on the heating device, the control device controls the switch device to be turned on, such that the first and second energy-storage devices are coupled, and the heating device heats the pot according to energies of the first and second energy-storage devices.

Abstract: A fundus camera displays guide information on a display panel which can be viewed by a testee to guide the testee to adjust a relative position of the fundus camera and a tested eyeball of the testee to a determined position. Therefore, the testee can use the above-mentioned fundus camera to self-shoot fundus images with better image quality. A method for self-shooting fundus is also disclosed.

Abstract: A digital diagnostic system with interchangeable lenses includes a host and at least one optical lens module, wherein the host without any optical lens having curved surface includes a focus adjustment module which drives an image capture module to linearly move. Therefore, the optical system of the optical lens module can be designed independently, and no need to include focus adjustment mechanism, so that the optical design of the optical lens module can be greatly simplified, and the system allows a greater mechanism tolerance, thereby reducing manufacturing difficulty and manufacturing cost.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a pixel structure is provided. A thin film transistor is formed on a substrate and an insulating layer is formed to cover the substrate and the thin film transistor. The insulating layer is patterned by a half-tone mask to form a protruding pattern, a sunken pattern connecting the protruding pattern, and a contact window inside the sunken pattern. A transparent conductive layer is formed to cover the protruding pattern and the sunken pattern, and filled in the contact window. A passivation layer is formed to cover the transparent conductive layer. A pixel electrode pattern is formed from the transparent conductive layer by removing a part of the passivation layer located on the protruding pattern, a part of the transparent conductive layer on the protruding pattern, and a part of the passivation layer located within the contact window. A pixel structure manufactured by the method is provided.

Abstract: A pixel structure includes a substrate; a scan line; a gate electrode; an insulating layer disposed on the scan line, the gate electrode and the substrate; a channel and a data line disposed on the insulating layer; a source electrode and a drain electrode disposed on the channel; a passivation layer; a pixel electrode and a connecting electrode. The data line does not overlap the scan line. The passivation layer disposed on the source electrode and the drain electrode includes a first contact hole partially exposing the drain electrode, and a plurality of second contact holes partially exposing the data line or the scan line. The pixel electrode disposed on the passivation layer is electrically connected to the drain electrode through the first contact hole. Furthermore, the connecting electrode disposed on the passivation layer is electrically connected to the data line or the scan line through the second contact holes.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a pixel structure is provided. A thin film transistor is formed on a substrate and an insulating layer is formed to cover the substrate and the thin film transistor. The insulating layer is patterned by a half-tone mask to form a protruding pattern, a sunken pattern connecting the protruding pattern, and a contact window inside the sunken pattern. A transparent conductive layer is formed to cover the protruding pattern and the sunken pattern, and filled in the contact window. A passivation layer is formed to cover the transparent conductive layer. A pixel electrode pattern is formed from the transparent conductive layer by removing a part of the passivation layer located on the protruding pattern, a part of the transparent conductive layer on the protruding pattern, and a part of the passivation layer located within the contact window. A pixel structure manufactured by the method is provided.

Abstract: A pixel structure includes a substrate; a scan line; a gate electrode; an insulating layer disposed on the scan line, the gate electrode and the substrate; a channel and a data line disposed on the insulating layer; a source electrode and a drain electrode disposed on the channel; a passivation layer; a pixel electrode and a connecting electrode. The data line does not overlap the scan line. The passivation layer disposed on the source electrode and the drain electrode includes a first contact hole partially exposing the drain electrode, and a plurality of second contact holes partially exposing the data line or the scan line. The pixel electrode disposed on the passivation layer is electrically connected to the drain electrode through the first contact hole. Furthermore, the connecting electrode disposed on the passivation layer is electrically connected to the data line or the scan line through the second contact holes.

Abstract: A digital diagnostic system with interchangeable lenses includes a host and at least one optical lens module, wherein the host without any optical lens having curved surface includes a focus adjustment module which drives an image capture module to linearly move. Therefore, the optical system of the optical lens module can be designed independently, and no need to include focus adjustment mechanism, so that the optical design of the optical lens module can be greatly simplified, and the system allows a greater mechanism tolerance, thereby reducing manufacturing difficulty and manufacturing cost.

Abstract: A projection lens includes a first lens group, a second lens group, and a third lens group. The first lens group is composed of a first lens. The first lens has a concave surface and a convex surface, and the concave surface of the first lens faces a reducing side of the projection lens. The second lens group has positive refractive power, and includes a second lens having positive refractive power and a third lens having negative refractive power. The second lens is a biconvex lens, and the third lens has a concave lens facing the reducing side. The third lens group is composed of a fourth lens, and the fourth lens has a convex surface facing a magnifying side of the projection lens. The first lens group, the second lens group, and the third lens group include at least two aspheric lenses.

Abstract: A lens module has a magnified side and a reduced side having an imaging surface. The lens module includes a first, a second, and a third lens groups having positive refractive powers respectively. The first lens group includes a first and a second lenses. A value calculated by dividing a distance between a center of a surface of the first lens facing the magnified side and the imaging surface by the effective focal length of the lens module is greater than or equal to 1 and smaller than or equal to 3. The second lens group located between the first lens group and the reduced side includes a third and a fourth lenses. The third lens group located between the second lens group and the reduced side includes a fifth lens. Refractive powers of the first to the fifth lenses are negative, positive, positive, negative and positive, respectively.

Abstract: A projection lens disposed between an enlarged side and a reduced side and including a first lens group having a negative refractive power, a second lens group having a positive refractive power, a third lens group having positive refractive power, and an optical element disposed between the second and the third lens groups is provided. The first lens group includes a first and a second lens sequentially arranged from the enlarged side to the reduced side and respectively having a positive and a negative refractive power. The second lens group between the first lens group and the reduced side includes a third, a fourth, a fifth, and a sixth lens sequentially arranged from the enlarged side to the reduced side. The fifth and the sixth lens respectively have a positive refractive power. The third lens group disposed between the second lens group and the reduced side includes a seventh lens.

Abstract: A projection apparatus including a light source, a light uniforming and shaping module, and a light valve is provided. The light source has a light-emitting surface and is capable of emitting an illumination beam. The light uniforming and shaping module is disposed on a transmission path of the illumination beam. The light valve is disposed on a projection surface and on the transmission path of the illumination beam from the light uniforming and shaping module, wherein the light valve is capable of converting the illumination beam into an image beam. The light uniforming and shaping module is for projecting a light from each point of the light-emitting surface to a region on the projection surface, and the union of the regions projected from all the points on the light-emitting surface covers an entire active surface of the light valve. An illumination system is also provided.

Abstract: A projection lens disposed between an enlarged side and a reduced side and including a first lens group having a negative refractive power, a second lens group having a positive refractive power, a third lens group having positive refractive power, and an optical element disposed between the second and the third lens groups is provided. The first lens group includes a first and a second lens sequentially arranged from the enlarged side to the reduced side and respectively having a positive and a negative refractive power. The second lens group between the first lens group and the reduced side includes a third, a fourth, a fifth, and a sixth lens sequentially arranged from the enlarged side to the reduced side. The fifth and the sixth lens respectively have a positive refractive power. The third lens group disposed between the second lens group and the reduced side includes a seventh lens.

Abstract: An image system adapted to a projection display apparatus includes a first lens group having a negative refractive power, a second lens group having a positive refractive power, an aspheric reflector, and a curved reflector. The second lens group includes an aspheric lens which is the nearest to the light valve in the second lens group. A material of the aspheric lens includes glass, the thermal-optical coefficient of the glass is between 1.0×10?6/K and 12.5×10?6/K, and the refractive index of the glass is between 1.482 and 1.847. The aspheric reflector is disposed front of the first lens group for reflecting the image beam passing through the first lens group and second lens group. The curved reflector is disposed above the first lens group for reflecting the image beam reflected by the aspheric reflector onto the screen. The image system has a good imaging quality.