Abstract: An energy storage device of a transformer includes a first node formed on a side of a primary end of the transformer, a second node formed on another side of the primary end, a third node, a resistor coupled between the first node and the third node, a diode coupled between the first node and the third node, a first capacitor coupled between the second node and the third node, and a clamping unit coupled between the second node and the third node, for clamping voltage of the first capacitor.

Abstract: A method for calibrating a propagation delay in a network trunk includes the step of calculating a time period Ti in a first network switch between sending a marker and receiving a trunk package acknowledgement marker from the second network switch, and a time period Tt in the second switch between receiving the trunk package and the marker and transmitting an acknowledgement marker containing the trunk package back to the first switch, the second switch appending the time period Tt to the acknowledgement marker before sending it back to the first switch. The time gap is read and a time delay caused by sending the trunk package on each channel is calculated. The second switch decodes the received trunk package and calibrates the propagation delay based on the time delay to determine a time gap between the packages in the same channel.

Abstract: A method for calibrating a propagation delay in a network trunk comprising providing a counter in each of first and second network switches in a network switch system; each counter calculating a time period Ti from sending a marker in the first network switch until receiving a trunk package acknowledgement marker from the second network switch and a time period Tt from receiving the trunk package and the marker in the second network switch until generating an acknowledgement marker containing the trunk package; commanding the second network switch to append the time period Tt to the acknowledgement marker prior to sending the acknowledge marker back to the first network switch; reading out the time gap Tt after the first network switch has received the acknowledgement marker; and calculating a time delay Tx by an equation Tx=(Ti−Tt)/2 wherein the time dealy Tx is caused by sending the trunk package on each channel between the first and the second network switches.