Abstract: A solar cell according to the present disclosure includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an electron transport layer disposed between the first electrode and the photoelectric conversion layer. At least one electrode selected from the group consisting of the first electrode and the second electrode has a light-transmitting property. The photoelectric conversion layer contains a perovskite compound composed of a monovalent cation, a divalent cation, and a halogen anion. The electron transport layer contains a metal oxynitride having electron conductivity. The metal oxynitride has an electrical conductivity of greater than or equal to 1×10?7 S/cm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a silica member characterized in that the silica member is equipped with a body section comprising a silica glass, the body section is equipped with an other member joining section for another member, the other member joining section is provided with, in order from the body section side, an underlayer, an intermediate layer, and a surface layer formed from Au, the porosity of the underlayer is within the range of 5-10%, the porosity of the intermediate layer is within the range of 4-5%, the thickness of the underlayer is within the range of 20-100 nm, and the thickness of the intermediate layer is within the range of 100-200 nm.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a glass member in which an inorganic phosphor is dispersed in a glass matrix, in which the glass member includes an SiO2—B2O3 based glass as the glass matrix, and the SiO2—B2O3 based glass includes SiO2 as a main component thereof, and includes, based on a total amount of the SiO2—B2O3 based glass: Al2O3 in an amount of 4 to 10 wt %; and MgO and ZnO in a total amount of 0.1 to 0.7 wt %.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a silica glass member including: a main body including a silica glass and having a bonding part for bonding to another member; and a bonding film which is provided on the bonding part, has a thickness of 0.2 ?m to 10 ?m, and includes Au and a glass formed through melting of glass frit, in which the bonding film is produced from Au powder having an average particle diameter of 3 ?m or less and glass frit having a softening point of 850° C. or lower, a process for producing a silica glass member, and a process for bonding a ceramic and a silica glass.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a glass member in which an inorganic phosphor is dispersed in a glass matrix, in which the glass member includes an SiO2—B2O3 based glass as the glass matrix, and the SiO2—B2O3 based glass includes SiO2 as a main component thereof, and includes, based on a total amount of the SiO2—B2O3 based glass:Al2O3 in an amount of 4 to 10 wt %; and MgO and ZnO in a total amount of 0.1 to 0.7 wt %.

Abstract: For example, two intake valves for each cylinder each are driven by a selected one of cams via a corresponding rocker arm. Each rocker arm includes a support portion and a pressing portion (distal end portion). The support portion is rockably supported by a cylinder head. The pressing portion is configured to press a stem of the corresponding intake valve. The support portion of one of the rocker arms deviates to one side in an axis X direction (cam axial direction) with respect to the distal end portion. The support portion of the other one of the rocker arms deviates to the other side in the axis X direction with respect to the distal end portion.

Abstract: A variable valve mechanism includes a camshaft and a cam unit. Internal spline teeth provided at an inner periphery of a sleeve of the cam unit are in mesh with external spline teeth provided at an outer periphery of the camshaft. An engaging portion is provided at one of the inner periphery of the sleeve and the outer periphery of the camshaft, and is configured to retractably project toward the other one of the inner periphery of the sleeve and the outer periphery of the camshaft. A latching portion is provided at the other one of the inner periphery of the sleeve and the outer periphery of the camshaft. The sleeve has a through-hole that is provided at the same position in a circumferential direction as the engaging portion to supply the inner periphery of the sleeve with lubricating oil.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a silica glass member including: a main body including a silica glass and having a bonding part for bonding to another member; and a bonding film which is provided on the bonding part, has a thickness of 0.2 ?m to 10 ?m, and includes Au and a glass formed through melting of glass frit, in which the bonding film is produced from Au powder having an average particle diameter of 3 ?m or less and glass frit having a softening point of 850° C. or lower, a process for producing a silica glass member, and a process for bonding a ceramic and a silica glass.

Abstract: A control device has two modes as control modes of an electric power supply to an electromagnetic solenoid, which are used when a first determining unit determines that a difference between a sensed value of a phase and a target value of the phase exceeds a permissible range. One of the modes is a special mode that is used when a second determining unit determines that the sensed value of the phase reaches a threshold value. Another one of the modes is a normal mode that is used when the second determining unit determines that the sensed value of the phase does not reach the threshold value. In the special mode, the control device controls supply of the electric power to the electromagnetic solenoid in such a manner that an opening degree of an advancing port is larger than the opening degree of the advancing port in the normal mode.

Abstract: A variable valve mechanism includes a first cam unit including cams configured to drive an intake valve on a first side in a first cylinder; a first sliding mechanism configured to slide the first cam unit such that the first cam unit is switched between two positions to select any one of the cams; a second cam unit including cams configured to drive an intake valve on a second side in the first cylinder, cams configured to drive an intake valve on the first side in a second cylinder, and cams configured to drive an intake valve on the second side in the second cylinder; and a second sliding mechanism configured to slide the second cam unit such that the second cam unit is switched among three positions to select any one of the cams for each of the intake valves.

Abstract: A variable valve mechanism includes a cam shaft, a cam unit, a guide portion and a shift pin. The guide portion includes a guide plate provided on an outer periphery of a cam unit, a first stopper and a second stopper. The guide plate is pivotally supported at a first part such that a second part of the guide plate is inclined toward a first side or a second side. The first and second stoppers abut with the second part from the first side and the second side, respectively, so as to hold the second part at a first position and a second position, respectively. The first part includes two arms projecting toward the first side and the second side. The two arms are configured to swing the guide plate.

Abstract: A variable valve mechanism includes a camshaft and a cam unit. Internal spline teeth provided at an inner periphery of a sleeve of the cam unit are in mesh with external spline teeth provided at an outer periphery of the camshaft. An engaging portion is provided at one of the inner periphery of the sleeve and the outer periphery of the camshaft, and is configured to retractably project toward the other one of the inner periphery of the sleeve and the outer periphery of the camshaft. A latching portion is provided at the other one of the inner periphery of the sleeve and the outer periphery of the camshaft. The sleeve has a through-hole that is provided at the same position in a circumferential direction as the engaging portion to supply the inner periphery of the sleeve with lubricating oil.

Abstract: For example, two intake valves for each cylinder each are driven by a selected one of cams via a corresponding rocker arm. Each rocker arm includes a support portion and a pressing portion (distal end portion). The support portion is rockably supported by a cylinder head. The pressing portion is configured to press a stem of the corresponding intake valve. The support portion of one of the rocker arms deviates to one side in an axis X direction (cam axial direction) with respect to the distal end portion. The support portion of the other one of the rocker arms deviates to the other side in the axis X direction with respect to the distal end portion.

Abstract: In a variable valve mechanism, a guide groove includes guide portions provided on respective side surfaces of the guide groove in a width direction, the guide portions projecting so as to face each other; a cam unit is slid toward a first side by relatively moving a shift pin toward a second side with use of the guide portion on the first side, and the cam unit is slid toward the second side by relatively moving the shift pin toward the first side with use of the guide portion on the second side; the guide portion on the first side is provided in an immovable piece, and the guide portion on the second side is provided in a movable piece; the movable piece is displaceable between a first position and a second position: and a first urging member configured to urge the movable piece toward the first position is provided.

Abstract: In a variable valve actuation apparatus for an internal combustion engine, a rotor of a variable valve timing mechanism is fixed to one end of a camshaft by a plurality of bolts. An oil control valve configured to control hydraulic pressure that acts on the rotor is fixed to the rotor by one or some of the plurality of bolts. For this reason, by releasing fastening of the bolt that fixes the oil control valve to the rotor among the plurality of bolts that fix the rotor to the one end of the camshaft, the oil control valve is allowed to be removed from the rotor while the rotor is fixed to the camshaft. Therefore, it is not required to perform positioning for fixing the rotor to the camshaft at the time of replacement of the oil control valve.

Abstract: In a variable valve mechanism, a guide groove includes guide portions provided on respective side surfaces of the guide groove in a width direction, the guide portions projecting so as to face each other; a cam unit is slid toward a first side by relatively moving a shift pin toward a second side with use of the guide portion on the first side, and the cam unit is slid toward the second side by relatively moving the shift pin toward the first side with use of the guide portion on the second side; the guide portion on the first side is provided in an immovable piece, and the guide portion on the second side is provided in a movable piece; the movable piece is displaceable between a first position and a second position: and a first urging member configured to urge the movable piece toward the first position is provided.

Abstract: A variable valve mechanism includes a cam shaft, a cam unit, a guide portion and a shift pin. The guide portion includes a guide plate provided on an outer periphery of a cam unit, a first stopper and a second stopper. The guide plate is pivotally supported at a first part such that a second part of the guide plate is inclined toward a first side or a second side. The first and second stoppers abut with the second part from the first side and the second side, respectively, so as to hold the second part at a first position and a second position, respectively. The first part includes two arms projecting toward the first side and the second side. The two arms are configured to swing the guide plate.

Abstract: A variable valve mechanism includes a first cam unit including cams configured to drive an intake valve on a first side in a first cylinder; a first sliding mechanism configured to slide the first cam unit such that the first cam unit is switched between two positions to select any one of the cams; a second cam unit including cams configured to drive an intake valve on a second side in the first cylinder, cams configured to drive an intake valve on the first side in a second cylinder, and cams configured to drive an intake valve on the second side in the second cylinder; and a second sliding mechanism configured to slide the second cam unit such that the second cam unit is switched among three positions to select any one of the cams for each of the intake valves.

Abstract: A control device has two modes as control modes of an electric power supply to an electromagnetic solenoid, which are used when a first determining unit determines that a difference between a sensed value of a phase and a target value of the phase exceeds a permissible range. One of the modes is a special mode that is used when a second determining unit determines that the sensed value of the phase reaches a threshold value. Another one of the modes is a normal mode that is used when the second determining unit determines that the sensed value of the phase does not reach the threshold value. In the special mode, the control device controls supply of the electric power to the electromagnetic solenoid in such a manner that an opening degree of an advancing port is larger than the opening degree of the advancing port in the normal mode.

Abstract: In a variable valve actuation apparatus for an internal combustion engine, a rotor of a variable valve timing mechanism is fixed to one end of a camshaft by a plurality of bolts. An oil control valve configured to control hydraulic pressure that acts on the rotor is fixed to the rotor by one or some of the plurality of bolts. For this reason, by releasing fastening of the bolt that fixes the oil control valve to the rotor among the plurality of bolts that fix the rotor to the one end of the camshaft, the oil control valve is allowed to be removed from the rotor while the rotor is fixed to the camshaft. Therefore, it is not required to perform positioning for fixing the rotor to the camshaft at the time of replacement of the oil control valve.