Abstract: An apparatus includes an electromagnetic signal device, a medium, and a sound wave generator. The sound wave generator includes a carbon nanotube structure. The electromagnetic signal device transmits an electromagnetic signal to the carbon nanotube structure. The carbon nanotube structure converts the electromagnetic signal into heat. The heat transfers to the medium and causes a thermoacoustic effect.

Abstract: An ionization vacuum gauge includes a cathode electrode, a gate electrode, and an ion collector. The cathode electrode includes a base and a field emission film disposed thereon. The gate electrode is disposed adjacent to the cathode electrode with a distance therebetween. The ion collector is disposed adjacent to the gate electrode with a distance therebetween. The field emission film of the cathode electrode includes carbon nanotubes, a low-melting-point glass, and conductive particles.

Abstract: A triode field emission device (100) includes a sealed container (110) having a light permeable portion (120), a phosphor layer (130) formed on the light permeable portion in the sealed container, an anode (140) formed on the phosphor layer, a cathode (150) arranged in the sealed container and facing the light permeable portion, and a grid (160) arranged in the sealed container and between the cathode and the anode. The cathode has a carbon nanotube yarn (151) facing toward the light permeable portion configured for serving as an emission source for electrons.

Abstract: A fabrication method for integrating chip(s) onto a flexible substrate in forming a flexible micro-system. The method includes a low-temperature flip-chip and a wafer-level fabrication process. Using the low-temperature flip-chip technique, the chip is bonded metallically onto the flexible substrate. To separate the flexible substrate from the substrate, etching is used to remove the sacrificial layer underneath the flexible substrate. The instant disclosure applies standardized micro-fabrication process for integrating chip(s) onto the flexible substrate. Without using special materials or fabrication procedures, the instant disclosure offers a cost-effective fabrication method for flexible micro-systems.

Abstract: An adaptive digital phase locked loop comprises: a digital configurable phase detector for receiving a reference signal and a feedback signal and for generating a detection signal indicative of a phase/frequency difference between the reference signal and the feedback signal; a configurable digital loop filter for filtering the DPFD detection signal; a digital locking monitor for monitoring polarity transitions of the detection signal and adaptively switching the locking modes and DCO tuning resolution; and a DCO for generating the feedback signal as a function of the detection signal.

Abstract: An adaptive digital phase locked loop comprises: a digital configurable phase detector for receiving a reference signal and a feedback signal and for generating a detection signal indicative of a phase/frequency difference between the reference signal and the feedback signal; a configurable digital loop filter for filtering the DPFD detection signal; a digital locking monitor for monitoring polarity transitions of the detection signal and adaptively switching the locking modes and DCO tuning resolution; and a DCO for generating the feedback signal as a function of the detection signal.

Abstract: A method for digital phase detection, comprises the steps of: providing a reference clock; receiving a feedback clock; determining a timing difference between the reference clock and the feedback clock; determining a polarity that indicates the leading or lagging relationship between the reference clock and the feedback clock; adaptively selecting one of at least two operating modes for generating a quantized level indicative of the timing difference, wherein in a first operating mode the quantized level is a constant maximum value and wherein in a second operating mode the quantized level is proportional to the timing difference; and generating a digital phase detection output as a combination of the polarity and the quantized level.

Abstract: A sound wave generator includes a carbon nanotube structure. The carbon nanotube structure includes one or more drawn carbon nanotube films. The one or more drawn carbon nanotube films produce sound by means of the thermoacoustic effect.

Abstract: A sound wave generator includes one or more carbon nanotube film. The carbon nanotube film includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes joined end to end by van der Waals attractive force therebetween. At least part of the one or more carbon nanotube film is supported by a supporting element. The one or more carbon nanotube film produces sound by means of the thermoacoustic effect.

Abstract: A sound wave generator includes a carbon nanotube film. The carbon nanotube film comprises a plurality of carbon nanotubes entangled with each other. At least part of the carbon nanotube film is supported by a supporting element. The carbon nanotube film produces sound by means of the thermoacoustic effect.

Abstract: A sound wave generator includes a carbon nanotube structure. At least part of the carbon nanotube structure is supported by a supporting element. The sound wave generator produces sound by means of the thermoacoustic effect.

Abstract: An apparatus, the apparatus includes an electromagnetic signal device; a medium; and a sound wave generator. The sound wave generator includes a carbon nanotube structure. The carbon nanotube structure includes one or more carbon nanotube films. Each carbon nanotube film includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes substantially parallel to each other and joined side by side via van der Waals attractive force. The electromagnetic signal device transmits an electromagnetic signal to the carbon nanotube structure. The carbon nanotube structure converts the electromagnetic signal into heat. The heat transfers to the medium causing a thermoacoustic effect.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an electromagnetic signal device, a medium, and a sound wave generator. The sound wave generator includes a carbon nanotube structure. The carbon nanotube structure includes one or more drawn carbon nanotube films. The electromagnetic signal device transmits an electromagnetic signal to the carbon nanotube structure. The carbon nanotube structure converts the electromagnetic signal into heat. The heat transfers to the medium and causes a thermoacoustic effect.

Abstract: A sound wave generator includes one or more carbon nanotube films. The carbon nanotube film includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes substantially parallel to each other and joined side by side via van der Waals attractive force therebetween. At least part of the sound wave generator is supported by a supporting element. The one or more carbon nanotube films produce sound by means of the thermoacoustic effect.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an electromagnetic signal device, a medium, and a sound wave generator. The sound wave generator includes a carbon nanotube structure. The carbon nanotube structure includes one or more carbon nanotube films. Each carbon nanotube film includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes entangled with each other. The electromagnetic signal device transmits an electromagnetic signal to the carbon nanotube structure. The carbon nanotube structure converts the electromagnetic signal into heat. The heat transfers to the medium and causes a thermoacoustic effect.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a field emitter, includes the steps of: providing a CNT yarn segment; attaching the CNT yarn segment to a heat conductor; and burning the CNT yarn segment thereby yielding a remaining portion of the CNT yarn segment for use as a field emitter. It is proper to manufacture a plurality of field emitters with essentially even field emission properties using the present method.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a signal device, a power amplifier, and a sound wave generator. The power amplifier is electrically connected to the signal device. The power amplifier outputs an amplified electrical signal to the sound wave generator. The sound wave generator produces sound waves by a thermoacoustic effect. The amplified electrical signal is positive or negative.

Abstract: A sound wave generator includes one or more carbon nanotube wire structures. The one or more carbon nanotube wire structures produce sound by means of the thermoacoustic effect.

Abstract: A sound wave generator includes one or more carbon nanotube films. The carbon nanotube film includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes substantially parallel to each other and joined side by side via van der Waals attractive force. The one or more carbon nanotube films produce sound by means of the thermoacoustic effect.

Abstract: A sound wave generator includes a carbon nanotube structure. The carbon nanotube structure includes of one or more carbon nanotube films. Each carbon nanotube film includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes entangled with each other. The one or more carbon nanotube films produces sound by means of the thermoacoustic effect.