Abstract: A method includes forming a first metallic feature, forming a dielectric layer over the first metallic feature, etching the dielectric layer to form an opening, with a top surface of the first metallic feature being exposed through the opening, and performing a first treatment on the top surface of the first metallic feature. The first treatment is performed through the opening, and the first treatment is performed using a first process gas. After the first treatment, a second treatment is performed through the opening, and the second treatment is performed using a second process gas different from the first process gas. A second metallic feature is deposited in the opening.

Abstract: A pluggable transceiver module is provided. The pluggable transceiver module is adapted to be inserted to a cage. The pluggable transceiver module includes a housing, a cover, a latch, an elastic element, and a bail bar. The latch is sandwiched between the cover and the housing. The latch includes a fastening portion. The elastic element is disposed on the housing and abuts the latch. The bail bar abuts the latch. The bail bar is rotated between a first bar position and a second bar position. When the bail bar is in the first bar position, the fastening portion is affixed to the cage. When the bail bar is rotated from the first bar position to the second bar position, the latch is moved in an oblique direction, and the fastening portion is separated from the cage.

Abstract: A pluggable transceiver module is provided. The pluggable transceiver module is adapted to be inserted to a cage. The pluggable transceiver module includes a housing, a cover, a latch, an elastic element, and a bail bar. The latch is sandwiched between the cover and the housing. The latch includes a fastening portion. The elastic element is disposed on the housing and abuts the latch. The bail bar abuts the latch. The bail bar is rotated between a first bar position and a second bar position. When the bail bar is in the first bar position, the fastening portion is affixed to the cage. When the bail bar is rotated from the first bar position to the second bar position, the latch is moved in an oblique direction, and the fastening portion is separated from the cage.

Abstract: A method for reducing roughens of the metals on a ceramic substrate having metal filled via holes, comprising forming via holes, a seed layer, and through film coating, exposure and development process followed by multiple steps of DC electroplating to achieve copper circuit with desired surface roughness.