Abstract: A method includes performing a plasma activation on a surface of a first package component, removing oxide regions from surfaces of metal pads of the first package component, and performing a pre-bonding to bond the first package component to a second package component.

Abstract: A piezoelectric speaker driving system includes a band splitter, a plurality of gain producers, an adder, a piezoelectric speaker, a sound compensator and a gain-adjusting device. The band splitter receives a first audio signal and splits the first audio signal into band signals. The gain producers gain the band signals respectively. The adder receives the gained band signals to generate a second audio signal. The piezoelectric speaker outputs a sound according to the second audio signal. The sound compensator analyzes a sound pressure level of the sound to generate a control signal. The gain-adjusting device adjusts the gains of the gain producers according to the control signal.

Abstract: A piezoelectric speaker driving system includes a band sputter, a plurality of gain producers, an adder, a piezoelectric speaker, a sound compensator and a gain-adjusting device. The band sputter receives a first audio signal and splits the first audio signal into band signals. The gain producers gain the band signals respectively. The adder receives the gained band signals to generate a second audio signal. The piezoelectric speaker outputs a sound according to the second audio signal. The sound compensator analyzes a sound pressure level of the sound to generate a control signal. The gain-adjusting device adjusts the gains of the gain producers according to the control signal.

Abstract: An interactive learning system includes a sensing network constituted by a plurality of sensing/transmitting modules, and a transmission network formed by the sensing network and a data processing device. The sensing/transmitting modules sense movements and vibrations thereof and interactive statuses between the sensing/transmitting modules and other sensing/transmitting modules, so as to generate messages that indicate the movements, the vibrations and the interactive statuses, and transmit the sensed messages to the data processing device by the transmission network, for interactive messages to be displayed through a human-machine interface of the data processing device. As such, learners' conceptions can be perceived and shown by the actual operations of the sensing/transmitting modules, which allows teachers to grasp learners' conceptions and thereby increase their interactions.

Abstract: An architecture for performing the two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform includes a transform module including a first stage and a second stage for decomposing an input image into four bands, and among the four bands, the band having the low frequency in both horizontal and vertical direction serves as the input image for next level decomposition operation; a multiplexer for selecting the band having the low frequency in both horizontal and vertical direction as the input image to feed into the transform module; and an optional memory module for storing the band having the lowest frequency in both horizontal and vertical direction.

Abstract: An MPEG-II audio decoder with a synthesis subband filter includes a fast IMDCT (Inverse Modified Discrete Cosine Transform) module and an IPQMF (Inverse Pseudo Quadrature Mirror Filter) module. The fast IMDCT module involves a butterfly stage of input subband samples which requires only about ¼ the amount of multiplier-accumulate computation of the ISO suggested method. The IPQMF module involves an efficient memory configuration which requires only half size of the standard synthesis subband filter bank.

Abstract: We discloses an efficient method for compressing a color image, visual block pattern truncation coding (VBPTC), in which the conventional block truncation coding (BTC) serves to encode an original image. This method defines the edge block according to human visual perception. If the difference between the two quantized values of BTC in a block is larger than a threshold which is defined by visual characteristics, the block will be identified as an edge block. In an edge block, the bitmap is adapted to compute block gradient orientation and to match the block pattern.

Abstract: The invention discloses a 9-cell array architecture with data-rings for 3-step hierarchical search (3SHS) block-matching algorithm. With the efficient data-rings and memory organization, the regular raster-scanned data flow and comparator tree-like structure can be used to simply internal I/O controller and reduce latency. In addition, we can utilize techniques to reduce external memory accesses and interconnections. The results demonstrate that the array architecture with the data-rings is low in terms of latency, memory bandwidth and costs and a high performance solution for the 3 SHS.