Abstract: The disclosure relates to determination of likelihood of suffering a renal disease. Particularly, the disclosure relates to using data derived from isotopic ratios of hydrogen and oxygen of water in biological samples for determination of likelihood of suffering a renal disease.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for diagnosing likelihood of a renal disease in a subject suspected of the renal disease, comprising: measuring a value of delta O-18 (?18O) and/or delta H-2 (?2H) in a biological sample of the subject suspected of the renal disease, comparing the measured value of delta O-18 and/or delta H-2 with a reference value of delta O-18 and/or delta H-2 obtained from a subject without a renal disease; and diagnosing the likelihood of a renal disease based on the comparison of the measured value of delta O-18 and/or delta H-2 with the reference value of delta O-18 and/or delta H-2, wherein the likelihood of a renal disease is diagnosed when the value of delta O-18 and/or delta H-2 in the biological sample of the subject suspected of the renal disease is lower than the reference value of delta O-18 and/or delta H-2 obtained from a subject without a renal disease. Also provided is a kit for carrying out the method of the invention.