Abstract: A probe card for use in circuit probe testing and methods of fabrication thereof. The probe card includes a circuit board, an interposer structure that is mounted to the circuit board, and a probe structure mounted to the interposer structure and including a probe substrate, a redistribution layer over the probe substrate, and a plurality of probe pins over the redistribution layer. The interposer structure may include a plurality of elastically-deformable interposer pins electrically connecting the circuit board to the probe substrate. The center-to-center spacing (i.e., pin pitch) between the interposer pins may be greater than the center-to-center spacing (i.e., a second pin pitch) between the probe pins. A probe card in accordance with various embodiments may enable circuit probe testing of a device-under-test with a pitch between adjacent probe pins that is less than 50 ?m.

Abstract: The disclosed technology includes systems and methods for optimizing network traffic management in a mobile network. One method includes determining if a mobile application executing on a mobile device is associated with network signaling requiring a corresponding radio connection. At least a portion of the network signaling caused by the transactions is filtered. The filtered network signaling does not cause a corresponding radio connection. A signaling efficiency is calculated that indicates a total number of the radio connections that are saved as a result of the filtering.

Abstract: The disclosed technology includes systems and methods for optimizing network traffic management in a mobile network. One method includes determining if a mobile application executing on a mobile device is associated with network signaling requiring a corresponding radio connection. At least a portion of the network signaling caused by the transactions is filtered. The filtered network signaling does not cause a corresponding radio connection. A signaling efficiency is calculated that indicates a total number of the radio connections that are saved as a result of the filtering.

Abstract: Systems and methods for extending delay tolerance of mobile applications to optimize mobile traffic management are disclosed. In a mobile device, network stack timers or protocol stack timers are modified to extend delay tolerance of applications for radio alignment. In an embodiment, tolerance of mobile applications on a mobile device to delay in establishing a connection to a wireless network is extended by an application or a local proxy on a mobile device. Based on the tolerance that is extended, requests intercepted from the mobile applications are aggregated, over a period of time, such that transfer of the requests intercepted during the period of time is delayed. This minimizes the number of times the mobile device connects to the network, reducing the power consumption on the mobile device and unnecessary signaling in the network.

Abstract: A method of selecting a network from a plurality of available access networks is provided. The method includes identifying, by using a wireless user equipment, the plurality of access networks and identifying, by using a wireless user equipment, an invoked application. The method includes selecting, by using a wireless user equipment, a first access network from the plurality of access networks based, at least in part, on the application. A connection is established to the first access network in response to an application requirement. A handover procedure is invoked from the first access network to a second access network of the plurality of access networks in response to application requirements.

Abstract: A method of conserving power of a mobile device is provided. The method includes monitoring battery capacity of a mobile phone battery, switching off a radio of the mobile device when a battery capacity is below a predetermined threshold, and disabling at least one application, while allowing an application associated with a cellular call to continue enabled.

Abstract: Systems and methods for extending delay tolerance of mobile applications to optimize mobile traffic management are disclosed. In a mobile device, network stack timers or protocol stack timers are modified to extend delay tolerance of applications for radio alignment. In an embodiment, tolerance of mobile applications on a mobile device to delay in establishing a connection to a wireless network is extended by an application or a local proxy on a mobile device. Based on the tolerance that is extended, requests intercepted from the mobile applications are aggregated, over a period of time, such that transfer of the requests intercepted during the period of time is delayed. This minimizes the number of times the mobile device connects to the network, reducing the power consumption on the mobile device and unnecessary signaling in the network.

Abstract: The disclosed technology includes systems and methods for optimizing network traffic management in a mobile network. One method includes determining if a mobile application executing on a mobile device is associated with network signaling requiring a corresponding radio connection. At least a portion of the network signaling caused by the transactions is filtered. The filtered network signaling does not cause a corresponding radio connection. A signaling efficiency is calculated that indicates a total number of the radio connections that are saved as a result of the filtering.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include techniques for optimization on downloading/streaming activities of media and/or other files (e.g., on a local client, or a local proxy on a mobile device). An example of such downloading/streaming is a user accessing media content including video and/or audio content using a mobile device such as a smart phone, a tablet, or a “phablet,” etc.

Abstract: System and method of providing data to a mobile application accessible at a mobile device via different network connections without interruption are disclosed. The method, which may be implemented on a system includes, receiving data for the mobile application over a network connection different from a first network connection, and/or providing the data received over the network connection including any other data received from the first network connection, to the mobile application in a manner that is without interruption in data flow. The data is provided to the mobile application without interruption even when connections to the different network connections require change in IP addresses.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include techniques for optimization on downloading/streaming activities of media and/or other files (e.g., on a local client, or a local proxy on a mobile device). An example of such downloading/streaming is a user accessing media content including video and/or audio content using a mobile device such as a smart phone, a tablet, or a “phablet,” etc.

Abstract: System and method of providing data to a mobile application accessible at a mobile device via different network connections without interruption are disclosed. The method, which may be implemented on a system includes, receiving data for the mobile application over a network connection different from a first network connection, and/or providing the data received over the network connection including any other data received from the first network connection, to the mobile application in a manner that is without interruption in data flow. The data is provided to the mobile application without interruption even when connections to the different network connections require change in IP addresses.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for network and/or evaluation and selection based on received signal strength at a device. For example, an received signal strength indicator (RSSI) can be measured (e.g., using Android API or other suitable methods). Then, the measured RSSI level can be compared against a threshold RSSI level, which can be determined on a device-by-device basis. In some embodiments, the RSSI values can assist the network evaluation and selection in certain situations, for example, where WiFi network quality is degraded because of locational movement and not backbone structure, and/or where there are multiple access points (APs) providing WiFi networks under the same SSID and each AP having different effective coverage. Further, in some embodiments, the RSSI values can provide the capabilities of WiFi AP suspension based on MAC addresses. In some embodiments, the RSSI values can be adopted to trigger QoE measurements.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method comprises measuring a set of parameters for each of the available networks using an application layer protocol (e.g., HTTP). The method further comprises determining an overall quality level for each of the available networks based on the parameters, and choosing the network based on the overall quality level. In some embodiments, the set of parameters are measured by communicating with each of a plurality of predetermined servers within a respective network. Among other advantages, embodiments disclosed herein enable a quantified approach to user experience estimation and application-level Quality of Experience (QoE) measurements, which can serve as bases for selection of radios for the applications.

Abstract: A computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that when executed by a processor is provided. The instructions cause the processor to intercept requests from mobile applications on a mobile device, modify system timers to extend delay tolerance impacting the mobile applications, and bundle the requests that are intercepted for radio alignment. Associated methods are also provided.

Abstract: A method of selecting a network from a plurality of available access networks is provided. The method includes identifying, by using a wireless user equipment, the plurality of access networks and identifying, by using a wireless user equipment, an invoked application. The method includes selecting, by using a wireless user equipment, a first access network from the plurality of access networks based, at least in part, on the application. A connection is established to the first access network in response to an application requirement. A handover procedure is invoked from the first access network to a second access network of the plurality of access networks in response to application requirements.

Abstract: A mobile device for optimizing mobile traffic is provided. The device includes a radio. The mobile device is configured to modify system timers to increase tolerance to delay in establishing a connection to the wireless network, intercept requests to establish a connection to a wireless network, wherein the requests correspond to non-user interactive traffic, accumulate the requests that are intercepted over a period of time, and transfer the requests that are accumulated over the wireless network at the end of the period of time.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed for network and/or evaluation and selection based on received signal strength at a device. For example, an received signal strength indicator (RSSI) can be measured (e.g., using Android API or other suitable methods). Then, the measured RSSI level can be compared against a threshold RSSI level, which can be determined on a device-by-device basis. In some embodiments, the RSSI values can assist the network evaluation and selection in certain situations, for example, where WiFi network quality is degraded because of locational movement and not backbone structure, and/or where there are multiple access points (APs) providing WiFi networks under the same SSID and each AP having different effective coverage. Further, in some embodiments, the RSSI values can provide the capabilities of WiFi AP suspension based on MAC addresses. In some embodiments, the RSSI values can be adopted to trigger QoE measurements.

Abstract: Systems and methods for extending delay tolerance of mobile applications to optimize mobile traffic management are disclosed. In a mobile device, network stack timers or protocol stack timers are modified to extend delay tolerance of applications for radio alignment. In an embodiment, tolerance of mobile applications on a mobile device to delay in establishing a connection to a wireless network is extended by an application or a local proxy on a mobile device. Based on the tolerance that is extended, requests intercepted from the mobile applications are aggregated, over a period of time, such that transfer of the requests intercepted during the period of time is delayed. This minimizes the number of times the mobile device connects to the network, reducing the power consumption on the mobile device and unnecessary signaling in the network.

Abstract: Systems and methods for optimizing mobile traffic management are disclosed. In a mobile device, network stack timers or protocol stack timers are modified to extend delay tolerance of applications for radio alignment. In an embodiment, using a variable gating delay, that takes into consideration the delay tolerance of applications that is extended and other information such as radio state information, are used to align and transfer outgoing traffic from multiple applications to one or more application servers, receive requests and/or responses from one or more application servers or a carrier-side proxy server to minimize the number of times the mobile device connects to the network, reducing the power consumption on the mobile device and unnecessary signaling in the network.