Abstract: A data transmission apparatus for data transmission having a plurality of master devices, at least one slave device, a transmission channel monitoring circuit, and a master device observer circuit is provided. A first master device of the master devices performs a first data transmission, and a second master device requests for a second data transmission to the slave device before completing the first data transmission. By detecting an idle-busy status of a channel of the slave device with the transmission channel monitoring circuit, the master device observer circuit switches the second master device to a waiting mode or a transmission mode according to the idle-busy status of the channel of the slave device. In addition, the waiting mode suspends the second data transmission and to wait for completion of the first data transmission, and the transmission mode performs the second data transmission. A data transmission method is also provided.

Abstract: A data transmission apparatus for data transmission having a plurality of master devices, at least one slave device, a transmission channel monitoring circuit, and a master device observer circuit is provided. A first master device of the master devices performs a first data transmission, and a second master device requests for a second data transmission to the slave device before completing the first data transmission. By detecting an idle-busy status of a channel of the slave device with the transmission channel monitoring circuit, the master device observer circuit switches the second master device to a waiting mode or a transmission mode according to the idle-busy status of the channel of the slave device. In addition, the waiting mode suspends the second data transmission and to wait for completion of the first data transmission, and the transmission mode performs the second data transmission. A data transmission method is also provided.

Abstract: A probe head includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a spacer, at least one probe, and an insulating material. The first substrate has at least one first through hole. The second substrate has at least one second through hole. The spacer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The spacer, the first substrate, and the second substrate together form a cavity. The probe is disposed in the cavity and protrudes from the first through hole and the second through hole. The insulating material is on the probe and at least partially disposed in the first through hole.

Abstract: A probe head includes a first substrate, a second substrate, a spacer, at least one probe, and an insulating material. The first substrate has at least one first through hole. The second substrate has at least one second through hole. The spacer is disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The spacer, the first substrate, and the second substrate together form a cavity. The probe is disposed in the cavity and protrudes from the first through hole and the second through hole. The insulating material is on the probe and at least partially disposed in the first through hole.

Abstract: A zoom lens array, including a liquid crystal layer, a first strip electrode, and a second strip electrode, is provided. The liquid crystal layer has a plurality of zoom regions. The first strip electrode is disposed on an upper side of the liquid crystal layer and located at the boundary between the zoom regions. The second strip electrode is disposed on a lower side of the liquid crystal layer and located at the boundary between the zoom regions. The first strip electrode and the second strip electrode are alternatively arranged. Moreover, a switchable two and three dimensional display with the above zoom lens array is also provided.

Abstract: A zoom lens array, including a liquid crystal layer, a first strip electrode, and a second strip electrode, is provided. The liquid crystal layer has a plurality of zoom regions. The first strip electrode is disposed on an upper side of the liquid crystal layer and located at the boundary between the zoom regions. The second strip electrode is disposed on a lower side of the liquid crystal layer and located at the boundary between the zoom regions. The first strip electrode and the second strip electrode are alternatively arranged. Moreover, a switchable two and three dimensional display with the above zoom lens array is also provided.

Abstract: The invention provides liquid crystal composites including a liquid crystal with a layered inorganic material and a photosensitive polymer dispersed therein. The layered inorganic layer reduces threshold voltage and enhances grating diffraction efficiency of the liquid crystal. The invention also provides a liquid crystal with a layered inorganic material dispersed in the liquid crystal, and a modified layered material MgAl—K2 LDH.

Abstract: The invention provides liquid crystal composites including a liquid crystal with a layered inorganic material and a photosensitive polymer dispersed therein. The layered inorganic layer reduces threshold voltage and enhances grating diffraction efficiency of the liquid crystal. The invention also provides a liquid crystal with a layered inorganic material dispersed in the liquid crystal, and a modified layered material MgAl—K2 LDH.

Abstract: The invention provides a poly(imide-benzoxazole) (PIBO) copolymer prepared from a trimellitic anhydride halide monomer and a bis(o-diaminophenol) monomer. The PIBO copolymer is characterized by the following recurring unit: wherein X is —O—, —S—, —C(CF3)2—, —C(CH3)2—, —CO—, —CH2—, —SO2—, —SO—, or deleted; and n is an integer. The PIBO copolymers of this invention are particularly useful as dielectric layers in semiconductor devices because they possess hydroxyl groups which create better adhesion to semiconductor substrates.