Abstract: The invention relates to a process for hydroxylating phenolic substrates such as phenols or phenol ethers. The process comprises reacting the phenolic substrate and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalyst in a reaction mixture; and simultaneously removing water from the reaction mixture. The process improves the reaction rate, yield, and product selectivities.

Abstract: This invention is a method of purifying fuel streams containing organonitrogen and organosulfur impurities. The fuel stream is first treated to extract organonitrogen impurities so that the nitrogen content of the fuel stream is reduced by at least 50 percent. After separation and recovery of the nitrogen-depleted fuel stream, the organosulfur impurities in the fuel stream are then oxidized with an organic hydroperoxide in the presence of a titanium-containing silicon oxide catalyst. The resulting sulfones may be more readily removed from the fuel stream than the non-oxidized organosulfur impurities.

Abstract: This invention is a method of purifying fuel streams containing organosulfur impurities. The fuel stream is oxidized with an organic hydroperoxide in the presence of an oxidation catalyst to form a sulfone product. The alcohol product of the organic hydroperoxide is then removed from the oxidized fuel stream, followed by extraction of the sulfone product by solid-liquid extraction using solid adsorbents. The alcohol removal step is found to improve the adsorption capacity of the solid adsorbents.

Abstract: This invention is a method of purifying fuel streams containing organosulfur impurities. The fuel stream is oxidized with an organic hydroperoxide in the presence of an oxidation catalyst to form a sulfone product. The alcohol product of the organic hydroperoxide is then removed from the oxidized fuel stream, followed by extraction of the sulfone product by solid-liquid extraction using solid adsorbents. The alcohol removal step is found to improve the adsorption capacity of the solid adsorbents.

Abstract: Used titanium-containing silicon oxide catalysts are regenerated by heating the used catalyst at a temperature of at least 400° C. in the presence of a oxygen-containing gas stream, followed by impregnation with a titanium source, and then calcining the impregnated catalyst to form a reactivated catalyst.

Abstract: This invention is a method of oxidizing organosulfur impurites found in fuel streams. The method comprises reacting the organosulfur impurities with an organic hydroperoxide in the presence of a titanium-containing catalyst. The titanium-containing catalyst is obtained by impregnating a siliceous solid with a titanium halide in a hydrocarbon solvent, or a vapor stream of titanium tetrachloride, followed by calcination. The resulting sulfones are more readily removed from the fuel stream than the non-oxidized organosulfur impurities.

Abstract: This invention is a method of purifying fuel streams containing organonitrogen and organosulfur impurities. The fuel stream is first treated to extract organonitrogen impurities so that the nitrogen content of the fuel stream is reduced by at least 50 percent. After separation and recovery of the nitrogen-depleted fuel stream, the organosulfur impurities in the fuel stream are then oxidized with an organic hydroperoxide in the presence of a titanium-containing silicon oxide catalyst. The resulting sulfones may be more readily removed from the fuel stream than the non-oxidized organosulfur impurities.

Abstract: The invention is a method to purify tertiary butyl alcohol by contact with at least two solid adsorbents comprising aluminum oxide and a large pore zeolite such as zeolite X. The purification method successfully improves product quality and reduces the amount of impurities in the tertiary butyl alcohol.

Abstract: Used titanium-containing silicon oxide catalysts are regenerated by heating the used catalyst at a temperature of at least 400° C. in the presence of a oxygen-containing gas stream, followed by impregnation with a titanium source, and then calcining the impregnated catalyst to form a reactivated catalyst.

Abstract: 1, 3-propanediol is formed from ethylene oxide containing formaldehyde and acetaldehyde impurities by hydroformylation and hydrogenation.

Abstract: Highly active and selective epoxidation catalysts are prepared by combining highsurface area silica support or the like, having surface area greater than 1100 m2/g, with a titanium source. The titanium source is a non-oxygenated hydrocarbon solution of a titanium halide or a vapor stream of titanium tetrachloride. The impregnated support is then calcined at an elevated temperature (preferably, in a substantially oxygen-free atmosphere), and, optionally, reacted with water and/or silylated. The resulting materials are highly active heterogeneous epoxidation catalysts for the reaction of olefins with organic hydroperoxides.

Abstract: Ethylene oxide is hydroformylated to 3-hydroxypropanal using a non-phosphine-ligated cobalt catalyst and a primary or secondary amine promoter.

Abstract: Ethylene oxide is hydroformylated to 3-hydroxypropanal using a non-phosphine-ligated cobalt catalyst and diamine promoter.

Abstract: Ethylene oxide is hydroformylated to 3-hydroxypropanal using a non-phosphine-ligated cobalt catalyst and an amide promoter.

Abstract: Highly active and selective epoxidation catalysts are prepared by combining high surface area silica support or the like, having surface area greater than 1100 m.sup.2 /g, with a titanium source. The titanium source is a non-oxygenated hydrocarbon solution of a titanium halide or a vapor stream of titanium tetrachloride. The impregnated support it then calcined at an elevated temperature (preferably, in a substantially oxygen-free atmosphere), and, optionally, reacted with water and/or silylated. The resulting materials are highly active heterogeneous epoxidation catalysts for the reaction of olefins to with organic hydroperoxides.

Abstract: Highly active and selective epoxidation catalysts are prepared by combining silica or the like with a non-oxygenated hydrocarbon solution of titanium halide, removing solvent, calcining at an elevated temperature (preferably, in a substantially oxygen-free atmosphere), and, optionally, reacting with water and silylating. The resulting materials are useful heterogeneous catalysts for transforming olefins to epoxides using organic hydroperoxides.

Abstract: A titanium/silica epoxidation catalyst is prepared from silica which has been treated with strong aqueous acid solution, the catalyst is especially useful for propylene oxide production.

Abstract: The catalytic activity of a titanium-containing heterogeneous catalyst such as titania-on-silica which has been used to catalyze olefin epoxidation is effectively restored by washing the catalyst with water, alcohol, ether, nitrile, ester, aromatic hydrocarbon, or ketone.

Abstract: The activity of titanium-containing heterogeneous catalysts such as titania-on-silica which have been used to catalyze olefin epoxidation is effectively restored by heating in the presence of oxygen at a temperature of 700.degree. C. or greater. Epoxide selectivity is enhanced by treatment of the heated catalyst with a silylating agent, even where the used catalyst had been silylated when initially prepared.

Abstract: A heterogeneous catalyst suitable for use in an olefin epoxidation reaction is obtained using a titanosiloxane polymer as a source of titanium. The titanosiloxane is combined with an inorganic siliceous solid such as silica or a siliceous sol gel to form a catalyst precursor composition. Calcination yields the active titanium-containing catalyst.