Abstract: There is provided a method for determining tumour metastatic potential using biomarkers of tumour metastasis comprising any two of carbonic anhydrase-9 (CAIX), vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C), ephrin A5 (EFNA5), eph receptor B2 (EPHB2), transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF-?3), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoenzyme-3 (PDK3), carbonic anhydrase-12 (CAXII), keratin 14 (KRT14), hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha subunit (HIF-1?), and tenascin C (TNC). CAIX, VEGF-C, EFNA5, EPHB2, TGF-?3 or PDK3 may be indicators of moderate metastatic potential, while CAXII, KRT14, HIF-1?, or TNC may be indicators of high metastatic potential. The biomarkers may be used to assess malignancies or cancers having hypoxic regions, such as breast cancer.

Abstract: There is provided a method for determining tumour metastatic potential using biomarkers of tumour metastasis comprising any two of carbonic anhydrase-9 (CAIX), vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C), ephrin A5 (EFNA5), eph receptor B2 (EPHB2), transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF-?3), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoenzyme-3 (PDK3), carbonic anhydrase-12 (CAXII), keratin 14 (KRT14), hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha subunit (HIF-1?), and tenascin C (TNC). CAIX, VEGF-C, EFNA5, EPHB2, TGF-?3 or PDK3 may be indicators of moderate metastatic potential, while CAXII, KRT14, HIF-1?, or TNC may be indicators of high metastatic potential. The biomarkers may be used to assess malignancies or cancers having hypoxic regions, such as breast cancer.

Abstract: A safe and efficacious method of inducing protective immunity in animals against TAP-1 deficient metastatic melanoma is disclosed. The method involves treating the animals with relatively small amounts of a recombinant non-replicating adenovirus encoding human TAP-1 to promote and maintain long term anti-tumor survival, and enhanced memory T-cell subpopulations, even when the treatment effects only a small fraction of metastatic tumor cells.

Abstract: There is provided a panel of biomarkers of tumour metastasis comprising any two of carbonic anhydrase-9 (CAIX), vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C), ephrin A5 (EFNA5), eph receptor B2 (EPHB2), transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF-?3), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isoenzyme-3 (PDK3), carbonic anhydrase-12 (CAXII), keratin 14 (KRT14), hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha subunit (HIF-1?), or tenascin C (TNC). CAIX, VEGF-C, EFNA5, EPHB2, TGF-?3 or PDK3 may be indicators of moderate metastatic potential, while CAXII, KRT14, HIF-1?, or TNC may be indicators of high metastatic potential. There is also provided a method of determining risk of tumour metastasis using the aforementioned biomarkers is also provided. The biomarkers may be used in diagnosis, prognosis, treatment selection, or to test putative therapeutics. The biomarkers may be used to assess malignancies or cancers having hypoxic regions, such as breast cancer.