Abstract: The present invention provides for functional chimeric gene regulatory units capable of driving strong and sustained heterologous gene expression.

Abstract: A core-inlaid high manganese steel frog structure includes a high manganese steel frog body and an inlaid core. The high manganese steel frog body includes a swing track connecting section, a frog central section and a frog-and-track connecting section. The wing track connecting section and the frog-and-track connecting section are respectively arranged on front and rear ends of the frog central section. A mounting groove for cooperatively mounting the inlaid core is arranged in front of the frog central section. The high manganese steel frog body and the inlaid core are detachably connected. The high manganese steel frog body and the inlaid core are detachably connected, which facilitates replacement of vulnerable parts, saves cost, and meets user requirements. The material and production procedure for the high-manganese steel frog body can be different from those for the inlaid core, which helps further improve the performance of the inlaid core.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nucleic acid molecule comprising one or multiple mutant IRES elements. Further, the present invention relates to methods of enhancing gene expression and to methods of differentially controlling expression of one or multiple gene(s) of interest. In addition, the present invention relates to a kit for studying interactions or any application requiring co-expression of multiple genes.

Abstract: The present invention provides for functional chimeric gene regulatory units capable of driving strong and sustained heterologous gene expression.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nucleic acid molecule comprising one or multiple mutant IRES elements. Further, the present invention relates to methods of enhancing gene expression and to methods of differentially controlling expression of one or multiple gene(s) of interest. In addition, the present invention relates to a kit for studying interactions or any application requiring co-expression of multiple genes.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to a method of optimization of a nucleotide coding sequence coding for an amino acid sequence, wherein the nucleotide coding sequence is optimized for expression in a host cell. The present disclosure also relates to system for optimizing a nucleotide coding sequence coding for an amino acid sequence, wherein the nucleotide coding sequence is optimized for expression in a host cell.

Abstract: This invention relates to nucleic acid molecules comprising at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding for a peptide or protein of interest, at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding for a selectable marker, and at least one IRES sequence, wherein the at least one IRES sequence is located between the at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding for the peptide or protein of interest and the at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding for the selectable marker. Furthermore, this invention relates to host cells comprising such nucleic acid molecule and to methods of recombinant protein expression using such host cells.

Abstract: The invention relates to a nucleic acid molecule comprising a functional promoter of a herpesvirus, a functional enhancer of a herpesvirus, and one or more internal elements of the CpG island of the aprt (adenine phosphoribosyl transferase) gene and/or a functional variant thereof. A method of producing a desired polypeptide using the nucleic acid molecule, a vector and a host cell containing the nucleic acid molecule are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to nucleic acid molecules comprising at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding for a peptide or protein of interest, at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding for a selectable marker, and at least one IRES sequence, wherein the at least one IRES sequence is located between the at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding for the peptide or protein of interest and the at least one nucleic acid sequence encoding for the selectable marker. Furthermore, this invention relates to host cells comprising such nucleic acid molecule and to methods of recombinant protein expression using such host cells.

Abstract: A system and methods for calculating at least one unknown metabolic flux of a plurality of cells. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of constructing a metabolic network having a plurality of reaction components, the reaction components representing at least glycolysis, reduction of pyruvate to lactate, TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, measuring at least two metabolic rates of a plurality of cells corresponding to at least two of the metabolic network reactions, and calculating metabolic fluxes of a plurality of cells for the rest of the metabolic network reactions from at least two measured metabolic rates of a plurality of cells corresponding to at least two of the reactions.