Abstract: A memory device includes: an interconnect structure, a staircase structure, a dielectric layer and a stop structure. The interconnect structure is located above a substrate. The staircase structure is located above the interconnect structure. The dielectric layer is located above the interconnect structure and covers the staircase structure. The stop structure is located between the interconnect structure and the staircase structure, and between the interconnect structure and the dielectric layer, and the stop structure has an opening exposing the interconnect structure. The first contact extends through the dielectric layer and the opening, and is connected to the interconnect of the interconnect structure. The middle width of the opening is not equal to the top width of the opening, or the middle width of the opening is not equal to the bottom width of the opening. The memory device may be 3D NAND flash memory with high capacity and high performance.

Abstract: A transmission rate management method is provided. The transmission rate management method is applied to a transmission rate management device. The transmission rate management method includes the steps of calculating a total available data traffic of the transmission rate management device based on a data plan for the transmission rate management device, wherein the total available data traffic corresponds to a period of time; allocating to each of one or more client devices currently connected to the transmission rate management device one available data traffic corresponding to the period of time according to the total available data traffic; and adjusting a transmission rate of a client device of the one or more client devices based on a remaining data traffic of the available data traffic of the client device.

Abstract: A method of routing data packets for a router is provided. The router includes a software network address translator (NAT) and a hardware NAT. The method includes routing, by the software NAT, a first data packet based on a routing rule stored in the software NAT, wherein the software NAT has a routing rule removing function to remove the routing rule stored in the software NAT; sending, by the software NAT, the routing rule to the hardware NAT; storing the routing rule, by the hardware NAT, in the hardware NAT; and routing, by the hardware NAT instead of the software NAT, a second data packet based on the routing rule stored in the hardware NAT. The routing rule removing function of the software NAT for the routing rule stored in the software NAT is disabled.

Abstract: An IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) call establishing method is provided. The IMS call establishing method is applied to an electronic device which supports IMS service. The IMS call establishing method includes the steps of establishing a network connection between the electronic device and a client device; when the client device dials an IMS call, the electronic device obtains call information of the IMS call through the network connection; and the electronic device establishes the IMS call based on the call information of the IMS call.

Abstract: A method of routing data packets for a router is provided. The router includes a software network address translator (NAT) and a hardware NAT. The method includes routing, by the software NAT, a first data packet based on a routing rule stored in the software NAT, wherein the software NAT has a routing rule removing function to remove the routing rule stored in the software NAT; sending, by the software NAT, the routing rule to the hardware NAT; storing the routing rule, by the hardware NAT, in the hardware NAT; and routing, by the hardware NAT instead of the software NAT, a second data packet based on the routing rule stored in the hardware NAT. The routing rule removing function of the software NAT for the routing rule stored in the software NAT is disabled.

Abstract: A transmission rate management method is provided. The transmission rate management method is applied to a transmission rate management device. The transmission rate management method includes the steps of calculating a total available data traffic of the transmission rate management device based on a data plan for the transmission rate management device, wherein the total available data traffic corresponds to a period of time; allocating to each of one or more client devices currently connected to the transmission rate management device one available data traffic corresponding to the period of time according to the total available data traffic; and adjusting a transmission rate of a client device of the one or more client devices based on a remaining data traffic of the available data traffic of the client device.

Abstract: A method includes rotating a wafer at a first speed for a first time duration. The wafer is rotated at a second speed that is lower than the first speed for a second time duration after the first time duration. The wafer is rotated at a third speed that is higher than the second speed for a third time duration after the second time duration. A photoresist is dispensed on the wafer during the first time duration and at least a portion of a time interval that includes the second time duration and the third time duration.

Abstract: A method includes rotating a wafer at a first speed for a first time duration. The wafer is rotated at a second speed that is lower than the first speed for a second time duration after the first time duration. The wafer is rotated at a third speed that is higher than the second speed for a third time duration after the second time duration. A photoresist is dispensed on the wafer during the first time duration and at least a portion of a time interval that includes the second time duration and the third time duration.

Abstract: An exhaust apparatus for evacuating vapor during baking of liquid chemicals deposited on substrates including a heating chamber containing a hot plate for horizontally supporting and heating a substrate. A cover plate is suspended horizontally over the hot plate; the cover plate has a plurality of exhaust ports extending from the top to its bottom surfaces. The ports are radially and evenly disposed midway between the periphery and a centered port with a manifold mounted to the top of the cover plate. The manifold has tubular conduits connected underneath to each exhaust port. Each conduit has an adjustable damper disposed at its front opening for regulating the vapor being exhausted. The tubular conduits converge from each exhaust port towards a common enclosure with an exhaust pipe coupled to its top for exhausting vapor to an external recovery facility.