Abstract: This application discloses a data sending method, a data receiving method, and a related apparatus. First phase rotation is performed on modulated data to obtain time domain rotated data. Frequency domain transform is performed on the time domain rotated data to obtain frequency domain data. Second phase rotation is performed on the frequency domain data to obtain frequency domain rotated data. Time domain transform is performed on the frequency domain rotated data to obtain time domain data. The time domain data is sent. Therefore, phase rotation may be separately performed on the modulated data and the frequency domain data based on an SC-FDMA waveform, to reduce a maximum amplitude of the time domain data and reduce a PAPR of the sent time domain data.

Abstract: This application provides a reference signal sending and receiving method, a network device, a terminal device, and a system, to be applicable to resource configuration for an SRS in NR. The method includes: sending, by a terminal device, a sounding reference signal SRS based on a location of a starting subcarrier for transmitting the SRS, where the location of the starting subcarrier for transmitting the SRS is determined by an offset of a sounding region, the offset of the sounding region indicates a resource offset between a starting subcarrier of the sounding region and a starting subcarrier of a bandwidth part BWP of the terminal device, and the sounding region is a resource that can be used to transmit the SRS.

Abstract: This application provides a signal generation method and an apparatus. In the method, a first communication apparatus generates a first signal, and sends the first signal to a second communication apparatus, who receives the first signal, and then demodulates the first signal. A symbol included in the first signal is carried on K+2(M?1) subcarriers. Middle K subcarriers are valid subcarriers, start M?1 subcarriers and last M?1 subcarriers are redundant subcarriers, and a subcarrier spacing between adjacent subcarriers is related to a feature of a time domain pulse used to shape the subcarrier, wherein a width of each of some or all side lobes of a spectrum of the time domain pulse is equal to 1/M of a main lobe width of the time domain pulse, the subcarrier spacing is 1/M of the main lobe width. K is a positive integer, and M is a positive integer greater than 1.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a pixel rendering method, a pixel rendering device, a computer readable storage medium, and a display panel. The method includes: receiving an initial data signal for driving a target sub-pixel to display; determining a data range where the initial data signal is located, where different data ranges correspond to different display modes; determining a weight of color, shared by the target sub-pixel, of a sub-pixel around the target sub-pixel and having the same color as the target sub-pixel according to the data range, where the weight of color is varied in the different display modes; calculating a target data signal of the target sub-pixel according to the weight of color; and outputting the target data signal to the target sub-pixel.

Abstract: This application provides a reference signal sending method and a communication apparatus. In the method, a time-domain cyclic shift factor is introduced, and phase rotation is performed on a first reference signal sequence jointly by using a frequency-domain cyclic shift factor and the time-domain cyclic shift factor, to obtain the second reference signal sequence. Because the time-domain cyclic shift factor is introduced, different transmit ends have at least one of different values of the frequency-domain cyclic shift factor and different values of the time-domain cyclic shift factor, that is, orthogonal multiplexing of second reference signal sequences of different transmit ends can be implemented, so that a capacity of second reference signal sequences is increased.

Abstract: A gray scale display method is provided. The method includes: dividing a matrix arrangement taking a pixel unit as a display unit into a matrix arrangement taking a plurality of pixel units as the display unit, where the display unit including the plurality of pixel units is a pixel module, and the pixel unit includes at least one sub-pixel; in a case that an average gray scale of the pixel module is smaller than a preset value, displaying a part of the pixel units of the pixel module with a preset gray scale, where the preset gray scale is larger than the average gray scale.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a data compression method, including: performing first processing on ?/2-binary phase shift keying BPSK modulated data with a length of M, to obtain first frequency domain data with a length of M, where the first processing includes Fourier transform, and M is an even number; performing second processing on second frequency domain data with a length of Q, to obtain time domain data, where data in the second frequency domain data is included in the first frequency domain data, Q is a positive integer, M is greater than Q, Q is greater than or equal to M/2, and the second processing includes inverse Fourier transform; and sending the time domain data on one time domain symbol.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a signal sending method, a signal receiving method, and an apparatus, to resolve a problem that channel estimation performance is affected. A reference signal is sent on one or more consecutive symbols, and modulation data is sent on an adjacent symbol previous to the one or more consecutive symbols in time domain and an adjacent symbol next to the one or more consecutive symbols in time domain. A sum of the modulation data carried in the symbol previous to the one or more consecutive symbols and the modulation data carried in the symbol next to the one or more consecutive symbols is zero or the modulation data is the same. Therefore, after time-domain filtering, the reference signal is not interfered with by the adjacent modulation data, so that channel estimation performance can be ensured.

Abstract: This application provides example data transmission methods and apparatuses, so that a PAPR of time-domain sending data can be reduced. One example method includes a transmit end performing modulation data processing on first modulation data whose length is M1, to obtain second modulation data whose length is M2, where M1<M2, M1 and M2 are positive integers, and each modulation data in the second modulation data is an element in the first modulation data. The transmit end then performs sending preprocessing, such as phase shift, Fourier transform, inverse Fourier transform, or time/frequency domain filtering on the second modulation data to obtain time-domain sending data of one symbol. The transmit end then sends the time-domain sending data on the one symbol.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a pixel rendering method, a pixel rendering device, a computer readable storage medium, and a display panel. The method includes: receiving an initial data signal for driving a target sub-pixel to display; determining a data range where the initial data signal is located, where different data ranges correspond to different display modes; determining a weight of color, shared by the target sub-pixel, of a sub-pixel around the target sub-pixel and having the same color as the target sub-pixel according to the data range, where the weight of color is varied in the different display modes; calculating a target data signal of the target sub-pixel according to the weight of color; and outputting the target data signal to the target sub-pixel.

Abstract: A signal transmission method and apparatus are provided, to resolve a problem that because a PAPR of a signal is comparatively high, a waveform distortion of the signal is comparatively serious after power amplification is performed on the signal by using a PA. The method includes: separately performing phase rotation on M pieces of modulated data to obtain M pieces of phase-rotated data, where a phase factor for performing phase rotation on the M pieces of modulated data is determined based on M. The method further includes: determining time domain data based on the M pieces of phase-rotated data, and sending the time domain data to a receive end.

Abstract: A gray scale display method is provided. The method includes: dividing a matrix arrangement taking a pixel unit as a display unit into a matrix arrangement taking a plurality of pixel units as the display unit, where the display unit including the plurality of pixel units is a pixel module, and the pixel unit includes at least one sub-pixel; in a case that an average gray scale of the pixel module is smaller than a preset value, displaying a part of the pixel units of the pixel module with a preset gray scale, where the preset gray scale is larger than the average gray scale.

Abstract: This application relates to the field of wireless communications technologies, and in particular, to a data processing method, apparatus, and system. This application provides a data processing method. A data sending device modulates a to-be-transmitted bit sequence, splits a real part and an imaginary part of a complex-valued symbol that is obtained through the modulation into two symbols to form a symbol sequence, performs phase rotation of symbols in the symbol sequence, and performs sending by using a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbol. This application is intended to reduce a peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of a transmit signal of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system by splitting a real part and an imaginary part of a to-be-transmitted signal, and improve link quality of an entire transmission system.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a data compression method, including: performing first processing on ?/2-binary phase shift keying BPSK modulated data with a length of M, to obtain first frequency domain data with a length of M, where the first processing includes Fourier transform, and M is an even number; performing second processing on second frequency domain data with a length of Q, to obtain time domain data, where data in the second frequency domain data is included in the first frequency domain data, Q is a positive integer, M is greater than Q, Q is greater than or equal to M/2, and the second processing includes inverse Fourier transform; and sending the time domain data on one time domain symbol.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to sending methods and apparatus. One example method includes receiving first indication information for uplink data transmission, where the first indication information indicates a frequency resource for the uplink data transmission, and the frequency resource includes N subcarriers, and sending an uplink reference signal associated with the uplink data transmission, where a length of a sequence of the uplink reference signal is M, a roll-off factor of a filter for the uplink data transmission is not greater than 2 ? ? M N - 1 , and N/2?M<N.

Abstract: A wireless communication method includes determining a length of a ZC sequence based on a resource block quantity or a subcarrier quantity corresponding to a system bandwidth and determining a reference signal sequence included in an uplink reference signal based on the length of the ZC sequence and a resource block quantity or a subcarrier quantity corresponding to an allocated user bandwidth that is a part of the system bandwidth. When different communications devices use the same system bandwidth for communication, reference signal sequences used by the different communications devices correspond to the same ZC sequence length. The ZC sequence length is exclusively designed for a resource block quantity or a carrier quantity of the system bandwidth. Generation of the reference signal sequences is related to mapped locations of the reference signal sequences. Therefore, reference signal sequences used by different communications devices have a relatively high cross correlation.

Abstract: The method may include: determining a third frequency-domain data stream, which includes a first frequency-domain data stream and a second frequency-domain data stream, a length of the third frequency-domain data stream is 2N, lengths of both the first frequency-domain data stream and the second frequency-domain data stream are N, data in the first frequency-domain data stream and data in the second frequency-domain data stream are separately mapped to different locations in the third frequency-domain data stream, the first frequency-domain data stream is obtained by performing zero adding processing and Fourier transform processing on a first source data stream, the second frequency-domain data stream is obtained by performing cyclic extension processing on a second source data stream; converting the third frequency-domain data stream into time-domain data and sending the time-domain data to a base station.

Abstract: A signal transmission method and apparatus are provided, to resolve a problem that because a PAPR of a signal is comparatively high, a waveform distortion of the signal is comparatively serious after power amplification is performed on the signal by using a PA. The method includes: separately performing phase rotation on M pieces of modulated data to obtain M pieces of phase-rotated data, where a phase factor for performing phase rotation on the M pieces of modulated data is determined based on M. The method further includes: determining time domain data based on the M pieces of phase-rotated data, and sending the time domain data to a receive end.

Abstract: This application provides a data transmission method and an apparatus, so that a PAPR of time-domain sending data can be reduced. The method includes: A transmit end performs modulation data processing on first modulation data whose length is M1, to obtain second modulation data whose length is M2, where M1<M2, M1 and M2 each are a positive integer, and any modulation data in the second modulation data is an element in the first modulation data; then, the transmit end performs sending preprocessing such as phase shift, Fourier transform, inverse Fourier transform, and time/frequency domain filtering on the second modulation data to obtain time-domain sending data of one symbol; and the transmit end sends the time-domain sending data on the one symbol.

Abstract: Disclosed is a reference signal transmission method and a device. The method includes converting, by a sending device, a frequency domain reference signal from frequency domain to time domain, to generate a time domain reference signal. The frequency domain reference signal includes a reference signal sequence mapped to a frequency domain resource. The reference signal sequence is determined based on a Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence, and a length value of the ZC sequence is selected from at least two length values. The method includes sending, by the sending device, the time domain reference signal. According to the reference signal transmission method, one ZC sequence is selected from at least two ZC sequences with different lengths to generate the reference signal sequence, so that the generated reference signal sequence is characterized by a low PAPR and an low RCM, and is used to generate a reference signal, to improve data transmission performance.