Abstract: A display may include an array of pixels that receive row control signals from gate driver circuitry. The gate driver circuitry can include a chain of gate drivers configured to receive one or more clock signals. The gate driver circuitry can further include inverters configured to invert the one or more clock signals to generate inverted clock signals. The clock signals and the inverted clock signals can be conveyed to the chain of gate drivers. Falling edges of the clock signals and the inverted clock signals can be used to trigger assertions and deassertions of the row control signals. Operated in this way, the power consumption of the gate driver circuitry can be reduced.

Abstract: In a display characterized by regions with different pixel responses due, for example, to local pixel density variation, voltage-to-luminance matching may be non-universal. Therefore, in order to avoid visual artifacts that may hinder a desired visualization of displayed content, it may be advantageous to compensate the different gamma responses. In some cases, such as with electronic devices having a single pixel density across the display, optical calibration may be performed to determine voltage-to-luminance matching. However, in electronic devices with local pixel density variations, it may be disadvantageous to perform optical calibrations for each region with a different pixel density. Instead of using two distinct gamma curves which may include dedicated optical calibration, a global nonlinear scaler (GNLS) compensation may be applied.

Abstract: Touch electrode architecture techniques can be used to reduce or eliminate metal mesh within the one or more high-transmittance regions of a touch screen including one or more high-transmittance regions. In some examples, one or more optical devices can be integrated with a touch screen such that light associated with the one or more optical devices passes through one or more layers of the touch screen. In some such examples, to avoid degrading performance of the optical devices, one or more high-transmittance regions can be used. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the high-transmittance can be achieved using touch electrode architecture techniques that use transparent or semi-transparent materials instead of opaque metal mesh within the high-transmittance regions.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a display and a sensor underneath the display. The display has a full pixel density region and a reduced pixel density region. Compared to pixels in the full pixel density region, pixels in the reduced pixel density region can be controlled using overdriven power supply voltages, overdriven scan control signals, different initialization and reset voltages, and can include capacitors and transistors with different physical and electrical characteristics. Gate drivers provide scan signals to pixels in the full pixel density region, whereas overdrive buffers provide overdrive scan signals to pixels in the reduced pixel density region. The pixels in the full pixel density region and the pixels in the reduced pixel density region can be controlled using different black level or gamma settings for each color channel and can be adjusted physically to match luminance, color, as well as to mitigate differences in temperature and aging impact.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a display and a sensor under the display. The display may include an array of subpixels for displaying an image to a user of the electronic device. At least a portion of the array of subpixels may be selectively removed in a pixel removal region to improve optical transmittance to the sensor through the display. The pixel removal region may include a plurality of pixel free regions that are devoid of thin-film transistor structures, that are devoid of power supply lines, that have continuous open areas due to rerouted row/column lines, that are partially devoid of touch circuitry, that optionally include dummy contacts, and/or have selectively patterned display layers.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a display and a sensor under the display. The display may include an array of subpixels for displaying an image to a user of the electronic device. At least a portion of the array of subpixels may be selectively removed in a pixel removal region to improve optical transmittance to the sensor through the display. The pixel removal region may include a plurality of pixel free regions that are devoid of thin-film transistor structures, that are devoid of power supply lines, that have continuous open areas due to rerouted row/column lines, that are partially devoid of touch circuitry, that optionally include dummy contacts, and/or have selectively patterned display layers.

Abstract: A display may include an active area with a first region and a second region. The first region may overlap an input-output component such as a camera and may have a higher transparency than the second region. The first region may have a lower pixel density than the second region. Signal lines that pass through the first region may have transparent portions that overlap the first region and opaque portions that overlap the second region. To mitigate artifacts caused by high resistance of the transparent portions of the signal lines, the signal lines may include supplemental opaque portions that are electrically connected in parallel to the transparent portions and that are routed through the second region around the first region.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a display and an optical sensor formed underneath the display. The display may have both a full pixel density region and a pixel removal region with a plurality of high-transmittance areas that overlap the optical sensor. To mitigate reflectance mismatch between the full pixel density region and the pixel removal region, the pixel removal region may include a transition region at one or more edges. In the transition region, one or more components may have a gradual density change between the full pixel density region and a central portion of the pixel removal region. Components that may have a changing density in the transition region include dummy thin-film transistor sub-pixels, dummy anodes, a cathode layer, and a touch sensor metal layer. The transition region may also include anodes that gradually change shape and/or size.

Abstract: A light emitter that operates through a display may cause display artifacts, even when the light emitter operates using non-visible wavelengths. To mitigate artifacts caused by a light emitter operating through a display, the display may have a higher density of thin-film transistor sub-pixels than emissive sub-pixels. This allows for a region in the display to include emissive sub-pixels but be free of thin-film transistor sub-pixels. The light emitter may operate through this region in the display. Additionally, to reduce the amount of space occupied in the inactive area of a display by gate driver circuitry, at least a portion of the gate driver circuitry may be positioned in the active area of the display. To accommodate the gate driver circuitry, emissive sub-pixels may be laterally shifted relative to corresponding thin-film transistor sub-pixels.

Abstract: A light emitter that operates through a display may cause display artifacts, even when the light emitter operates using non-visible wavelengths. Display artifacts caused by a light emitter that operates through a display may be referred to as emitter artifacts. To mitigate emitter artifacts, operating conditions for a display frame may be used to determine an optimal firing time for the light emitter during that display frame. The operating conditions used to determine the optimal firing time may include emitter operating conditions, display content statistics, display brightness, temperature, and refresh rate. Operating conditions from one or more previous frames may be stored in a frame buffer and may be used to help determine the optimal firing time for the light emitter during a display frame. Pixel values for the display may be modified to mitigate emitter artifacts.

Abstract: A display may have a stretchable portion with hermetically sealed rigid pixel islands. A flexible interconnect region may be interposed between the hermetically sealed rigid pixel islands. The hermetically sealed rigid pixel islands may include organic light-emitting diode (OLED) pixels. A conductive cutting structure may have an undercut that causes a discontinuity in a conductive OLED layer to mitigate lateral leakage. The conductive cutting structure may also be electrically connected to a cathode for the OLED pixels and provide a cathode voltage to the cathode. First and second inorganic passivation layers may be formed over the OLED pixels. Multiple discrete portions of an organic inkjet printed layer may be interposed between the first and second inorganic passivation layers.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a display and an optical sensor formed underneath the display. The electronic device may include a locally modified region that overlaps the optical sensor. The locally modified region of the display may have a modification relative to a normal region of the display that does not overlap the optical sensor. The modification may mitigate diffractive artifacts that would otherwise impact the optical sensor that senses light passing through the display. To mitigate diffraction artifacts, the locally modified region of the display may use spatial randomization (e.g., spatial randomization of signal paths and/or spatial randomization of via locations), opaque structures may be formed with circular footprints, a black masking layer may be formed with circular openings, apodization may be used, and/or a phase randomization film may be included.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a display and an optical sensor formed underneath the display. The electronic device may include a plurality of transparent windows that overlap the optical sensor. The resolution of the display panel may be reduced in some areas due to the presence of the transparent windows. To mitigate diffraction artifacts, a first sensor (13-1) may sense light through a first pixel removal region having transparent windows arranged according to a first pattern. A second sensor (13-2) may sense light through a second pixel removal region having transparent windows arranged according to a second pattern that is different than the first pattern. The first and second patterns of the transparent windows may result in the first and second sensors having different diffraction artifacts. Therefore, an image from the first sensor may be corrected for diffraction artifacts based on an image from the second sensor.

Abstract: In a display characterized by regions with different pixel responses due, for example, to local pixel density variation, voltage-to-luminance matching may be non-universal. Therefore, in order to avoid visual artifacts that may hinder a desired visualization of displayed content, it may be advantageous to compensate the different gamma responses. In some cases, such as with electronic devices having a single pixel density across the display, optical calibration may be performed to determine voltage-to-luminance matching. However, in electronic devices with local pixel density variations, it may be disadvantageous to perform optical calibrations for each region with a different pixel density. Instead of using two distinct gamma curves which may include dedicated optical calibration, a global nonlinear scaler (GNLS) compensation may be applied.

Abstract: A light emitter that operates through a display may cause display artifacts, even when the light emitter operates using non-visible wavelengths. To mitigate artifacts caused by a light emitter operating through a display, the display may have a higher density of thin-film transistor sub-pixels than emissive sub-pixels. This allows for a region in the display to include emissive sub-pixels but be free of thin-film transistor sub-pixels. The light emitter may operate through this region in the display. Additionally, to reduce the amount of space occupied in the inactive area of a display by gate driver circuitry, at least a portion of the gate driver circuitry may be positioned in the active area of the display. To accommodate the gate driver circuitry, emissive sub-pixels may be laterally shifted relative to corresponding thin-film transistor sub-pixels.

Abstract: An electronic device display may have an active area with pixels. An optical sensor may be formed under a sensor region in the active area. During operation, ambient light and/or other light associated with the optical sensor may pass through the sensor region. To ensure that the light for the optical sensor can pass through the display, the display may have one or more layers with sensor openings such as a metal layer and a pressure sensitive adhesive layer that attaches the metal layer to the pixels of the display. To help minimize visibility of the openings in the sensor region, the pressure sensitive adhesive layer may be configured to have a reflectivity that matches the appearance of the display in the sensor region to surrounding areas. Undesired light output uniformity can be reduced by ensuring that the substrate material in the display has a low light absorption coefficient.

Abstract: To reduce the amount of space occupied in the inactive area of a display by gate driver circuitry, at least a portion of the gate driver circuitry may be positioned in the active area of the display. To accommodate the gate driver circuitry, emissive sub-pixels may be laterally shifted relative to corresponding thin-film transistor sub-pixels. This allows for the thin-film transistor sub-pixels to be grouped adjacent to the central area of the active area, leaving room along an edge of the active area to accommodate one or more additional display components such as gate driver circuitry or fanout portions of data lines.

Abstract: A light emitter that operates through a display may cause display artifacts, even when the light emitter operates using non-visible wavelengths. Display artifacts caused by a light emitter that operates through a display may be referred to as emitter artifacts. To mitigate emitter artifacts, operating conditions for a display frame may be used to determine an optimal firing time for the light emitter during that display frame. The operating conditions used to determine the optimal firing time may include emitter operating conditions, display content statistics, display brightness, temperature, and refresh rate. Operating conditions from one or more previous frames may be stored in a frame buffer and may be used to help determine the optimal firing time for the light emitter during a display frame. Pixel values for the display may be modified to mitigate emitter artifacts.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a display having display pixels formed in an active area of the display. The display further includes display driver circuitry for driving gate lines that are routed across the display. A hole such as a through hole, optical window, or other inactive region may be formed within the active area of the display. Multiple gate lines carrying the same signal may be merged together prior to being routed around the hole to help minimize the routing line congestion around the border of the hole. Dummy circuits may be coupled to the merged segment portion to help increase the parasitic loading on the merged segments. The hole may have a tapered shape to help maximize the size of the active area. The hole may have an asymmetric shape to accommodate multiple sub-display sensor components.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a display and an optical sensor formed underneath the display. The electronic device may include a plurality of transparent windows that overlap the optical sensor. The resolution of the display panel may be reduced in some areas due to the presence of the transparent windows. To mitigate diffraction artifacts, a first sensor (13-1) may sense light through a first pixel removal region having transparent windows arranged according to a first pattern. A second sensor (13-2) may sense light through a second pixel removal region having transparent windows arranged according to a second pattern that is different than the first pattern. The first and second patterns of the transparent windows may result in the first and second sensors having different diffraction artifacts. Therefore, an image from the first sensor may be corrected for diffraction artifacts based on an image from the second sensor.