Abstract: An electronic device may include a display and an optical sensor formed underneath the display. A pixel removal region on the display may at least partially overlap with the sensor. The pixel removal region may include a plurality of non-pixel regions each of which is devoid of thin-film transistors. The plurality of non-pixel regions is configured to increase the transmittance of light through the display to the sensor. In addition to removing thin-film transistors in the pixel removal region, additional layers in the display stack-up may be removed. In particular, a cathode layer, polyimide layer, and/or substrate in the display stack-up may be patterned to have an opening in the pixel removal region. A polarizer may be bleached in the pixel removal region for additional transmittance gains. The cathode layer may be removed using laser ablation with a spot laser or blanket illumination.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a display having display pixels formed in an active area of the display. The display further includes display driver circuitry for driving gate lines that are routed across the display. A hole such as a through hole, optical window, or other inactive region may be formed within the active area of the display. Multiple gate lines carrying the same signal may be merged together prior to being routed around the hole to help minimize the routing line congestion around the border of the hole. Dummy circuits may be coupled to the merged segment portion to help increase the parasitic loading on the merged segments. The hole may have a tapered shape to help maximize the size of the active area. The hole may have an asymmetric shape to accommodate multiple sub-display sensor components.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a camera or other sensor that operates through a display. The display may include an array of pixels, and each pixel may include an emissive subpixel and a thin-film transistor (TFT) subpixel that drives the emissive subpixel of that pixel. To minimize interference with the light that passes through the display, the display may be modified to have one or more holes/windows. The hole(s) may be formed by removing the TFT subpixel of one or more pixels in the display, while retaining the emissive subpixel(s) of the one or more pixels. Anodes of the emissive subpixel(s) may be formed from transparent material to improve the transparency of the hole. In this way, light may pass through the hole, but the hole may maintain the uniformity of the display.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a display and a sensor formed underneath the display. The display may have both a full pixel density region and a pixel removal region with a plurality of high-transmittance areas that overlap the sensor. The display pixels may include a cathode. In the high-transmittance areas, the cathode may be selectively removed to form openings that increase transmittance through the display to the underlying sensor. One or more organic layers such as a pixel definition layer and planarization layers may be formed underneath the cathode. In regions under the cathode openings, increased ultraviolet light exposure may cause increased outgassing in the organic layers present. The increased outgassing levels may reduce the brightness of the pixels (particularly at the edges of the pixels). To mitigate display artifacts caused by outgassing, one or more organic layers under each cathode opening may be at least partially removed.

Abstract: A display may include an array of pixels that receive row control signals from gate driver circuitry. The gate driver circuitry can include a chain of gate drivers configured to receive one or more clock signals. The gate driver circuitry can further include inverters configured to invert the one or more clock signals to generate inverted clock signals. The clock signals and the inverted clock signals can be conveyed to the chain of gate drivers. Falling edges of the clock signals and the inverted clock signals can be used to trigger assertions and deassertions of the row control signals. Operated in this way, the power consumption of the gate driver circuitry can be reduced.

Abstract: A display may overlap a sensor such as a camera or ambient light sensor. A portion of the display that overlaps the sensor may be modified to increase transparency relative to the remaining portion of the display. The modified portion of the display may have emissive subpixels that are shorted together. The emissive subpixels that are shorted together may have different sizes. A larger emissive subpixel may overlap the thin-film transistor subpixels whereas a smaller emissive subpixel may not overlap any of the thin-film transistor subpixels. To increase the size of transparent windows through the display, emissive subpixels may be shifted relative to a layout used in the remaining portion of the display.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a display and an optical sensor formed underneath the display. The display may have both a full pixel density region and a high-transmittance region that overlaps the optical sensor. To increase the transmittance of light through the high-transmittance region of the display, emissive sub-pixels in the high-transmittance region may be shorted together. Each emissive sub-pixel may be shorted to an emissive sub-pixel of the same color. The emissive sub-pixels in the high-transmittance region of the display may have the same layout but smaller sizes relative to the full pixel density region of the display. The thin-film transistor sub-pixels in the high-transmittance region may be consolidated horizontally and/or vertically to produce larger continuous high-transmittance areas.

Abstract: A display may overlap a sensor such as a camera or ambient light sensor. A portion of the display that overlaps the sensor may be modified to increase transparency relative to the remaining portion of the display. The modified portion of the display may have pixel islands that conform to a regular grid pattern of the remaining portion of the display. One or more gate lines and/or one or more data lines may pass through the modified portion of the display without connecting to any subpixels in the modified portion of the display. An opaque pixel definition layer may include some openings that are aligned with opaque masking layer openings to allow on-axis light to pass through to a sensor and some openings that are offset relative to respective opaque masking layer openings to allow off-axis light to pass through to the sensor.

Abstract: A display may overlap a sensor such as a camera or ambient light sensor. A portion of the display that overlaps the sensor may be modified to increase transparency relative to the remaining portion of the display. The modified portion of the display may have pixel islands that conform to a regular grid pattern of the remaining portion of the display. One or more gate lines and/or one or more data lines may pass through the modified portion of the display without connecting to any subpixels in the modified portion of the display. An opaque pixel definition layer may include some openings that are aligned with opaque masking layer openings to allow on-axis light to pass through to a sensor and some openings that are offset relative to respective opaque masking layer openings to allow off-axis light to pass through to the sensor.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a display and an optical sensor formed underneath the display. The display may have both a full pixel density region and a high-transmittance region that overlaps the optical sensor. To increase the transmittance of light through the high-transmittance region of the display, emissive sub-pixels in the high-transmittance region may be shorted together. Each emissive sub-pixel may be shorted to an emissive sub-pixel of the same color. The emissive sub-pixels in the high-transmittance region of the display may have the same layout but smaller sizes relative to the full pixel density region of the display. The thin-film transistor sub-pixels in the high-transmittance region may be consolidated horizontally and/or vertically to produce larger continuous high-transmittance areas.

Abstract: Touch electrode architecture techniques can be used to reduce or eliminate metal mesh within the one or more high-transmittance regions of a touch screen including one or more high-transmittance regions. In some examples, one or more optical devices can be integrated with a touch screen such that light associated with the one or more optical devices passes through one or more layers of the touch screen. In some such examples, to avoid degrading performance of the optical devices, one or more high-transmittance regions can be used. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the high-transmittance can be achieved using touch electrode architecture techniques that use transparent or semi-transparent materials instead of opaque metal mesh within the high-transmittance regions.

Abstract: A light emitter that operates through a display may cause display artifacts, even when the light emitter operates using non-visible wavelengths. Display artifacts caused by a light emitter that operates through a display may be referred to as emitter artifacts. To mitigate emitter artifacts, a display pixel that overlaps the light emitter may include a transistor that provides a current sink to divert leakage current away from the light-emitting diode in that pixel. A shielding layer may be interposed between the light emitter and a display pixel. The shielding layer may block light from the light emitter. The shielding layer may have an opening that exposes one transistor in the pixel to the light from the light emitter. Pixels that overlap the light emitter may have larger anodes than pixels that do not overlap the light emitter.

Abstract: A display may include an array of pixels that receive row control signals from gate driver circuitry. The gate driver circuitry can include a chain of gate drivers configured to receive one or more clock signals. The gate driver circuitry can further include inverters configured to invert the one or more clock signals to generate inverted clock signals. The clock signals and the inverted clock signals can be conveyed to the chain of gate drivers. Falling edges of the clock signals and the inverted clock signals can be used to trigger assertions and deassertions of the row control signals. Operated in this way, the power consumption of the gate driver circuitry can be reduced.

Abstract: In a display characterized by regions with different pixel responses due, for example, to local pixel density variation, voltage-to-luminance matching may be non-universal. Therefore, in order to avoid visual artifacts that may hinder a desired visualization of displayed content, it may be advantageous to compensate the different gamma responses. In some cases, such as with electronic devices having a single pixel density across the display, optical calibration may be performed to determine voltage-to-luminance matching. However, in electronic devices with local pixel density variations, it may be disadvantageous to perform optical calibrations for each region with a different pixel density. Instead of using two distinct gamma curves which may include dedicated optical calibration, a global nonlinear scaler (GNLS) compensation may be applied.

Abstract: Touch electrode architecture techniques can be used to reduce or eliminate metal mesh within the one or more high-transmittance regions of a touch screen including one or more high-transmittance regions. In some examples, one or more optical devices can be integrated with a touch screen such that light associated with the one or more optical devices passes through one or more layers of the touch screen. In some such examples, to avoid degrading performance of the optical devices, one or more high-transmittance regions can be used. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, the high-transmittance can be achieved using touch electrode architecture techniques that use transparent or semi-transparent materials instead of opaque metal mesh within the high-transmittance regions.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a display and a sensor underneath the display. The display has a full pixel density region and a reduced pixel density region. Compared to pixels in the full pixel density region, pixels in the reduced pixel density region can be controlled using overdriven power supply voltages, overdriven scan control signals, different initialization and reset voltages, and can include capacitors and transistors with different physical and electrical characteristics. Gate drivers provide scan signals to pixels in the full pixel density region, whereas overdrive buffers provide overdrive scan signals to pixels in the reduced pixel density region. The pixels in the full pixel density region and the pixels in the reduced pixel density region can be controlled using different black level or gamma settings for each color channel and can be adjusted physically to match luminance, color, as well as to mitigate differences in temperature and aging impact.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a display and a sensor under the display. The display may include an array of subpixels for displaying an image to a user of the electronic device. At least a portion of the array of subpixels may be selectively removed in a pixel removal region to improve optical transmittance to the sensor through the display. The pixel removal region may include a plurality of pixel free regions that are devoid of thin-film transistor structures, that are devoid of power supply lines, that have continuous open areas due to rerouted row/column lines, that are partially devoid of touch circuitry, that optionally include dummy contacts, and/or have selectively patterned display layers.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a display and a sensor under the display. The display may include an array of subpixels for displaying an image to a user of the electronic device. At least a portion of the array of subpixels may be selectively removed in a pixel removal region to improve optical transmittance to the sensor through the display. The pixel removal region may include a plurality of pixel free regions that are devoid of thin-film transistor structures, that are devoid of power supply lines, that have continuous open areas due to rerouted row/column lines, that are partially devoid of touch circuitry, that optionally include dummy contacts, and/or have selectively patterned display layers.

Abstract: A display may include an active area with a first region and a second region. The first region may overlap an input-output component such as a camera and may have a higher transparency than the second region. The first region may have a lower pixel density than the second region. Signal lines that pass through the first region may have transparent portions that overlap the first region and opaque portions that overlap the second region. To mitigate artifacts caused by high resistance of the transparent portions of the signal lines, the signal lines may include supplemental opaque portions that are electrically connected in parallel to the transparent portions and that are routed through the second region around the first region.

Abstract: An electronic device may include a display and an optical sensor formed underneath the display. The display may have both a full pixel density region and a pixel removal region with a plurality of high-transmittance areas that overlap the optical sensor. To mitigate reflectance mismatch between the full pixel density region and the pixel removal region, the pixel removal region may include a transition region at one or more edges. In the transition region, one or more components may have a gradual density change between the full pixel density region and a central portion of the pixel removal region. Components that may have a changing density in the transition region include dummy thin-film transistor sub-pixels, dummy anodes, a cathode layer, and a touch sensor metal layer. The transition region may also include anodes that gradually change shape and/or size.