Abstract: Digital learning or tutoring systems as described herein embed, by a trained machine learning knowledge tracing engine, an array for learner interactions X into a static representation ej corresponding to a prior learner interaction xj and determine a contextualized interaction representation hj based on this. Digital tutoring systems described herein calculate, by a masked attention layer of the trained machine learning knowledge tracing engine, an attention weight Aij based on a time gap between two learner interactions with the system, and can calculate a contextualized interaction representation hj, wherein the contextualized interaction representation hj is proportional to the attention weight Aij. The systems can provide for display at the GUI a second question item based on the contextualized interaction representation hj, the second question item corresponding to a recommended learner recommendation.

Abstract: Digital learning or tutoring systems as described herein embed, by a trained machine learning knowledge tracing engine, an array for learner interactions X into a static representation ej corresponding to a prior learner interaction xj and determine a contextualized interaction representation hj based on this. Digital tutoring systems described herein calculate, by a masked attention layer of the trained machine learning knowledge tracing engine, an attention weight Aij based on a time gap between two learner interactions with the system, and can calculate a contextualized interaction representation hj, wherein the contextualized interaction representation hj is proportional to the attention weight Aij. The systems can provide for display at the GUI a second question item based on the contextualized interaction representation hj, the second question item corresponding to a recommended learner recommendation.

Abstract: Example systems and methods are disclosed for generating facial expressions in an avatar-based user interface for a computing device. An example system may include a digital camera, a display device and a user interface application. The digital camera may be configured to capture image data of a user over time. The user interface application may be stored on a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by a processor, and may include: an expression feature extractor configured to process the image data of the user to generate a plurality of facial expression descriptor vectors, a sketch generation module configured to use a first conditional deep convolutional generative adversarial network (DC-GAN) model to generate an expressive facial sketch image of an avatar based on the plurality of facial expression descriptor vectors, and an image generation module configured to use a second conditional DC-GAN model to generate a facial expression image from the expressive facial sketch image.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure are directed to segmenting a digital image of biological tissue into biological units, such as cells. A first weak or data driven segmentation is generated using image data representing the digital image to segment the digital image into a first set of biological units. Applying a geometric model, each unit in the first set of biological units is ranked based on a similarity in shape and scale between the unit and one or more other units in the image. A subset of units from the first set of biological units is selected based on the rank of each biological unit relative to a predetermined threshold rank. A second weak or data driven segmentation may then be generated using image data including the subset of biological units to segment that portion of the digital image into a second set of biological units.

Abstract: A method of segmenting a digital image of biological tissue includes accessing a ranking model calculated from training data representing shapes of conforming and non-conforming biological unit exemplars. The ranking model may include support vectors defining a hyperplane in a vector space. The method further includes accessing image data representing the digital image, identifying a first shape and a set of second constituent shapes in the digital image, wherein the first shape comprises a union of the set of second constituent shapes, determining a rank of a first data point in the image data corresponding to the first shape and a rank of a second data point in the image data corresponding to the set of second constituent shapes into the vector space, and segmenting the digital image using the first shape or the set of second constituent shapes based on which data point has a greater respective rank.

Abstract: A method of segmenting a digital image of biological tissue includes accessing a ranking model calculated from training data representing shapes of conforming and non-conforming biological unit exemplars. The ranking model may include support vectors defining a hyperplane in a vector space. The method further includes accessing image data representing the digital image, identifying a first shape and a set of second constituent shapes in the digital image, wherein the first shape comprises a union of the set of second constituent shapes, determining a rank of a first data point in the image data corresponding to the first shape and a rank of a second data point in the image data corresponding to the set of second constituent shapes into the vector space, and segmenting the digital image using the first shape or the set of second constituent shapes based on which data point has a greater respective rank.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure are directed to segmenting a digital image of biological tissue into biological units, such as cells. A first weak or data driven segmentation is generated using image data representing the digital image to segment the digital image into a first set of biological units. Applying a geometric model, each unit in the first set of biological units is ranked based on a similarity in shape and scale between the unit and one or more other units in the image. A subset of units from the first set of biological units is selected based on the rank of each biological unit relative to a predetermined threshold rank. A second weak or data driven segmentation may then be generated using image data including the subset of biological units to segment that portion of the digital image into a second set of biological units.

Abstract: Apparatus for feeding sheets of media to a media processor may include a take-away roller for engaging a first sheet of media. It may further include a first sensor for detecting a movement of the first sheet of media past the take-away roller. The apparatus may include a feed roller and a second sensor for detecting a movement of the first sheet of media past the feed roller. The apparatus may further include a second motor for driving the feed roller. Also, the apparatus may include an ejection roller, a third sensor for detecting the movement of the first sheet of media past the ejection roller, and a third motor for driving the ejection roller.

Abstract: A method of feeding a sheet of media to a media processor is provided. The method may include picking up the sheet of media from a stack of sheets. The method may further include curling the picked-up sheet of media to separate the picked-up sheet of media from other sheets of media in the stack of sheets. In addition, the method may include feeding the curled sheet of media to the media processor.

Abstract: Apparatus for feeding sheets of media to a media processor may include a take-away roller for engaging a first sheet of media. It may further include a first sensor for detecting a movement of the first sheet of media past the take-away roller. The apparatus may include a feed roller and a second sensor for detecting a movement of the first sheet of media past the feed roller. The apparatus may further include a second motor for driving the feed roller. Also, the apparatus may include an ejection roller, a third sensor for detecting the movement of the first sheet of media past the ejection roller, and a third motor for driving the ejection roller.

Abstract: An electromagnetic coil is wound on a circular mold and potted with a potting compound in order to eliminate the bobbin which is used with prior art electromagnetic coils. The potting technique can be advantageously applied to coils wound on any shape mold and to coils wound with wire of any cross-sectional shape. In the preferred embodiment the "bobbinless" coil is wound on a cylindrical mold and uses wire which has been partially flattened to improve the density of the coil. The flattened wire is preferably made by flattening ordinary wire copper to an aspect ratio of about 1.5. In an alternate embodiment, the bobbinless coil is wound with ordinary circular wire. In the preferred embodiment, the bobbinless coil forms part of a linear motor for use in driving the movable mirror in an interferometer spectrometer. In this application the coil provides a strong flux density and a strong force, yet occupies a relatively small volume.

Abstract: A filler apparatus for cryogenic dewars, such as are used in infrared detectors in infrared spectrometers, has an inlet port funnel which is connected to a liquid delivery tube which extends downwardly and into the liquid coolant containment vessel of the detector. A gas discharge tube extends co-axially with and spaced outwardly from the delivery tube and is connected to the fill port of the detector to direct gas resulting from evaporation of coolant within the detector up to a gas outlet funnel which is itself co-axial with and spaced outwardly from the inlet port funnel. A screen is mounted over the tops of the inlet and outlet funnels. The coolant, such as liquid nitrogen, is poured by the operator into the inlet funnel, which may be located at a position on the top surface of the cabinet of the spectrometer, and the operator can observe whether the detector is overfilled by noting whether the coolant liquid overflows into the gas discharge tube or up into the space between the inlet and outlet funnels.

Abstract: The ends of two composite superconductors (10a and 10b) having many filaments (12) are joined together to form a joint that is durable, superconducting under proper conditions, and has good shunting capacity. The filaments (12) are exposed by removal of the normal conducting matrices (14a and 14b) from the ends of the composite conductors (10a and 10b) to be joined. The superconductive filaments (12) from each of the composite conductors are inserted together into a sleeve (16) of bimetal construction. The inner surface (18) of the sleeve is made of superconducting material and is metallically bonded to the outer surface (20) of the sleeve which is made of normal conducting material. The bimetal sleeve (16) abuts the matrices (14a and 14b) of the composite conductors (10a and 10b) on one end, and the filaments (12) extend beyond the opposing end of the bimetal sleeve (16). The bimetal sleeve (16) is crimped to form a cold weld joint, and then severed in the region of the crimp to form another cold weld joint.

Abstract: A radiation detection apparatus, such as for the detection of infrared radiation, is formed of inner and outer cylindrical stainless steel vessels with the inner vessels supported from the top wall of the outer vessel by a thin, relatively long stainless steel tube. A heat transfer mounting member is attached to the bottom of the inner vessel and extends outwardly and then upwardly between and out of contact with the vessels to the position of a window opening within the outer vessel. A detector device is affixed in good thermal contact with the mounting member at the position of the window and thus is maintained substantially at the temperature of the bottom surface of the inner vessel. The surfaces of the inner and outer vessels may be highly polished to prevent heat transfer to the inner vessel by infrared radiation. The use of stainless steel for the outer vessel also allows utilization of a vacuum port window structure having a metal gasket to minimize potential gas infiltration.

Abstract: In a cryostat of the type having nested vessels, a cryostat vessel wall spacing system wherein a plurality of rigid spacer stubs are secured between the vessel walls of adjacent vessels. The spacer stubs are mounted on the wall of an inner vessel to extend axially outwardly. A plurality of stub caps are secured to the adjacent vessel wall of a next outer vessel, with each stub cap having a recess designed to retain one of the spacer stubs therein. Each spacer stub engages its respective stub cap and is retained within the recess thereof when the walls of the nested vessels are at substantially the same temperature to uniformly and rigidly space apart the vessel walls of the nested vessels. When the vessel walls thermally contract because of the introduction of low temperature liquified gas into the inner vessel, each of the spacer stubs is withdrawn from its respective recess a distance sufficient to disengage said spacer stub and stub cap.