Abstract: A fluidized bed mixer for combining a first powder with a second powder for manufacturing a magnet and a method of using the fluidized bed mixer for making the magnet. The first powder material is an alloy powder containing neodymium (Nd), iron (Fe), and boron (B), and the second powder material is an alloy powder or elemental metal powder containing one or more of dysprosium (Dy) and terbium (Tb). The fluidized bed mixer includes a fluidized bed portion in an upper portion of a mixing chamber, a cascading baffle system beneath the fluidized bed portion, and combined powder collection area beneath the cascading baffle system. The fluidized bed mixer is configured to homogenously combine a first powder material with a second powder material in such a way that particles of the second powder material adheres to and covers the outer surfaces of the particles of the first powder material.

Abstract: An apparatus for localized patterned surface hardening for light-weight alloys to increase wear resistance under lubricated contact is provided. The apparatus includes a first metallic structure and a second metallic structure. The second metallic structure includes a contact surface and is disposed in lubricated contact with the first metallic structure at the contact surface, wherein the second metallic structure is constructed with a lighter-than-steel material and wherein the contact surface includes a localized surface hardened pattern.

Abstract: An electric machine may have a stator and a rotor including stacked plurality of electrical steel laminations forming a slot including a first end and opposing sides, the first end defined by a bridge extending between electrical steel on opposing sides of the slot, the bridge being located between the first end of the slot and an outer diameter surface of the rotor and beneath the outer diameter surface of the rotor, the bridge forming a base of a channel open at an outer diameter surface of the rotor.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for producing powders. The system includes a housing having an enclosure, a crucible configured to produce a melt of a first material, a droplet device configured to receive the melt of the first material from the crucible and produce a flow of droplets of the melt of the first material within the enclosure of the housing, wherein the droplets solidify within the enclosure, and a distribution device configured to propel a second material into the flow of droplets of the first material within the enclosure such that the second material is mixed with the droplets of the first material to produce the powder that includes the first material, the second material, and/or a reaction product thereof.

Abstract: An aluminum nitride-based sintered compact includes: aluminum nitride crystal particles containing Mg; composite oxide containing a rare earth element and Al, the composite oxide having a garnet crystal structure; and composite oxynitride containing Mg and Al. Particles of the composite oxide and particles of the composite oxynitride are interspersed between the aluminum nitride crystal particles. The composite oxide may include Y. A content of Mg in the aluminum nitride crystal particles may fall in a range of 0.1 mol % or more and 1.0 mol % or less, based on a total of all metal elements contained in the aluminum nitride crystal particles taken as 100 mol %. A semiconductor holding device includes the aluminum nitride-based sintered compact; and an electrostatic adsorptive electrode.

Abstract: Composite reference electrode substrates and relating methods are provided. The composite reference electrode substrate includes a separator portion and a current collector portion adjacent to the separator portion. A method for forming the reference electrode substrate includes anodizing one or more surfaces of a first side of an aluminum foil so as to form a porous separator portion disposed adjacent to a porous current collector portion. The porous separator portion includes aluminum oxide, and the current collector portion includes the aluminum foil. The separator portion and the current collector portion each have a porosity of greater than or equal to about 10 vol. % to less than or equal to about 80 vol. %.

Abstract: A reference electrode for a lithium-ion battery cell in the form of a porous ultrathin film that is fabricated from aluminum or an aluminum alloy is described. The aluminum layer is conductive and functions as a current collector for the reference electrode. The alloying elements may include but not limited to one or more of copper, zinc, silver, gold, titanium, chrome, rare earth metals, etc., to achieve target values for electrical, mechanical and chemical properties. Also disclosed is an electrochemical battery cell having an anode, a cathode, and a reference electrode, wherein the reference electrode is interposed between the anode and the cathode, wherein the reference electrode is an electrode layer that is arranged on a current collector, and wherein the current collector is fabricated from an aluminum alloy.

Abstract: A magnet and a method of forming the magnet are provided. The method includes forming a slurry comprising magnetic powder material and binder material and creating raw layers from the slurry. A magnetic field is applied to the raw layers to orient the magnetic powder material in a desired direction, and each layer is cured to form another layer on the most recent cured layer. The layers are attached together.

Abstract: An additive manufacturing method includes providing a first composite material and forming a composite part matrix using the first composite material and defining a first layer, applying a first fiber reinforcing material to the composite part matrix atop and in contact with the first layer of the composite part matrix such that fibers of the first fiber reinforcing material are oriented in a first direction and form a second layer on the composite part matrix, applying a second fiber reinforcing material to the composite part matrix atop and in contact with the first fiber reinforcing material such that fibers of the second fiber reinforcing material are oriented in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction and form a third layer on the composite part matrix, applying the first composite material to the composite part matrix, and curing the composite part matrix to create a composite product.

Abstract: An alumina crystal particle(s), a zirconia crystal particle(s), Ti, Mg, and Si are included, where, when Ti is converted into TiO2, Mg is converted into MgO, and Si is converted into SiO2, a total content of Ti, Mg, and Si is 1.4% by mass or greater, when zirconia that composes the zirconia crystal particle(s) is denoted by ZrO2, a content of a rare-earth element relative to ZrO2 in the zirconia crystal particle(s) is 2 mol % or less in an oxide equivalent thereof, the zirconia crystal particle(s) include(s) at least one of a separate particle(s) with a maximum length of 1 ?m or greater and an aggregated particle(s) with a maximum length of 1 ?m or greater, and a total of ratios of the separate particle(s) with a maximum length of 1 ?m or greater and the aggregated particle(s) with a maximum length of 1 ?m or greater is 50% by volume or greater of a whole of the zirconia crystal particle(s).

Abstract: Composite reference electrode substrates and relating methods are provided. The composite reference electrode substrate includes a separator portion and a current collector portion adjacent to the separator portion. A method for forming the reference electrode substrate includes anodizing one or more surfaces of a first side of an aluminum foil so as to form a porous separator portion disposed adjacent to a porous current collector portion. The porous separator portion includes aluminum oxide, and the current collector portion includes the aluminum foil. The separator portion and the current collector portion each have a porosity of greater than or equal to about 10 vol. % to less than or equal to about 80 vol. %.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode assembly, comprising: an electrode; and an electrode tab, wherein the electrode tab is attached to the electrode, wherein the electrode tab comprises: a center portion, wherein the center portion comprises an attachment mechanism, wherein the electrode tab is attached to the electrode via the attachment mechanism; a protrusion portion, wherein the protrusion portion extends from the center portion and protrudes beyond a perimeter of the electrode; and a rounded portion, wherein the rounded portion extends from the center portion in a direction opposite the protrusion portion.

Abstract: An apparatus for localized patterned surface hardening for light-weight alloys to increase wear resistance under lubricated contact is provided. The apparatus includes a first metallic structure and a second metallic structure. The second metallic structure includes a contact surface and is disposed in lubricated contact with the first metallic structure at the contact surface, wherein the second metallic structure is constructed with a lighter-than-steel material and wherein the contact surface includes a localized surface hardened pattern.

Abstract: An additive manufacturing method includes providing a first composite material and forming a composite part matrix using the first composite material and defining a first layer, applying a first fiber reinforcing material to the composite part matrix atop and in contact with the first layer of the composite part matrix such that fibers of the first fiber reinforcing material are oriented in a first direction and form a second layer on the composite part matrix, applying a second fiber reinforcing material to the composite part matrix atop and in contact with the first fiber reinforcing material such that fibers of the second fiber reinforcing material are oriented in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction and form a third layer on the composite part matrix, applying the first composite material to the composite part matrix, and curing the composite part matrix to create a composite product.

Abstract: An aluminum nitride-based sintered compact includes: aluminum nitride crystal particles containing Mg; composite oxide containing a rare earth element and Al, the composite oxide having a garnet crystal structure; and composite oxynitride containing Mg and Al. Particles of the composite oxide and particles of the composite oxynitride are interspersed between the aluminum nitride crystal particles. The composite oxide may include Y. A content of Mg in the aluminum nitride crystal particles may fall in a range of 0.1 mol % or more and 1.0 mol % or less, based on a total of all metal elements contained in the aluminum nitride crystal particles taken as 100 mol %. A semiconductor holding device includes the aluminum nitride-based sintered compact; and an electrostatic adsorptive electrode.

Abstract: A magnet and a method of forming the magnet are provided. The method includes forming a slurry comprising magnetic powder material and binder material and creating raw layers from the slurry. A magnetic field is applied to the raw layers to orient the magnetic powder material in a desired direction, and each layer is cured to form another layer on the most recent cured layer. The layers are attached together.

Abstract: A magnet and a method of forming the magnet are provided. The method includes forming a slurry comprising magnetic powder material and photopolymerizing material and creating raw layers from the slurry. Each layer is cured by electromagnetic radiation prior to forming another layer on the most recent cured layer. The layers are attached together. The method may also include applying a magnetic field to each raw layer while curing the layer, to orient the magnetic powder material in a desired direction.

Abstract: A system for inspecting thermal spray coated cylinder bores of aluminum alloy cylinder blocks, the system includes a failure detection apparatus, a heating apparatus, a cooling apparatus, and a control unit in electronic communication with each of the failure detection apparatus, the heating apparatus, and the cooling apparatus, and wherein the control unit includes a memory and a control logic sequence for operating the system.

Abstract: A method and system for processing an engine block that includes a cylinder liner. The engine block having a first material with different coefficient of thermal expansion than a second material forming the cylinder liner. The method includes providing an insulating barrier to the cylinder liner, and quenching the engine block. The insulating barrier provides a lower cooling rate to the second material forming the cylinder liner than a cooling rate for the first material forming the engine block during the quenching.

Abstract: A method of coating an inner surface of an engine cylinder bore includes cleaning the surface to remove carbon, resulting in the surface having a maximum of 30 atomic percent carbon, texturing the surface to achieve a developed interfacial area ratio of at least 100%, and heating the surface to between 100-200 degrees Celsius. A thermal spray coating is then adhered to the surface. In some cases, a force of 25+ Newtons scratched across the thermal spray coating is required to remove the thermal spray coating from the surface. Maximum adhesion strength is achieved when the coating is applied to: 1) a heated surface that has 2) an Sdr of at least 100% and 3) a maximum of 20 atomic percent of carbon on the surface. When these three criteria are all present, adhesion strength can be 50 Newtons or more with evidence of metallurgical diffusion/bonding at the interface.