Abstract: A peripheral circuit of a memory device includes page buffers. Each page buffer includes a main latch, a bias latch, (N?1) data latches, and a cache latch coupled to a data path. The peripheral circuit is further configured to: in the process of programming a first physical page, disable a bit line bias function to release the bias latch to replace one of N page latches to perform a programming verification of memory states; release one of the N page latches to cache program data of one of the N logical pages of a second physical page; and in the process of programming the first physical page, store the program data of the one of the N logical pages of the second physical page in a released page latch.

Abstract: A peripheral circuit of a memory device is configured to: in the process of programming a first physical page, perform a programming verification to a programming corresponding to the 2(N-M) th memory state; when the program verification of the 2(N-M) th memory state is passed, identifiers corresponding to the 1st to 2(N-M) th memory states stored by the main latch are made different from those corresponding to the 2(N-M)+1st to 2N th memory states; release at least one of the N page latches to cache program data of at least one logical page of the N logical pages of a second physical page; and the programming data of one logical page in the N logical pages of the second physical page is stored in a released page latch, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to (N?2).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of determining a structure of ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules, the method comprising: contacting the RNA molecules with a modifying agent to obtain modified RNA molecules; reverse transcribing the modified RNA molecules; sequencing the product obtained from the preceding step to generate sequencing reads; and analysing the sequencing reads to determine the structure of the RNA molecules. In a preferred embodiment, the RNA molecules consist of RNA molecules of a single cell, and the modifying agent is 2-methylnicotinic acid imidazolide-azide (NAI-N3). There is also provided a method of classifying cells into one or more cell populations, the method comprising: determining the structure of RNA molecules in each cell; and classifying the cells into one or more cell populations based on similarity in the structure of their RNA molecules.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for analysing ribonucleic acid (RNA) interactions comprising: a) cross-linking base-paired nucleotides of at least one RNA molecule and/or at least one pair of RNA molecules using a tagged, reversible cross-linking agent (preferably tagged-psoralen) under ultraviolet irradiation; b) fragmenting the said cross-linked RNA molecule(s); c) using said tag to extract said cross-linked RNA fragment(s); d) ligating the said cross-linked RNA fragment(s) to produce cross-linked ligated RNA chimera(s); e) reversing the cross-linking of the said agent to the said RNA molecule(s); f) preparing a sequence library by sequencing the ligated RNA chimera molecule(s) or pair(s); and g) analysing the sequence library to determine RNA interactions. Also disclosed is a method of studying a subject by analysing RNA interactions and attributing them to a clinical picture, or a drug discovery method by attributing an efficacy score to the drug based upon determined RNA interactions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for analysing ribonucleic acid (RNA) interactions comprising: a) cross-linking base-paired nucleotides of at least one RNA molecule and/or at least one pair of RNA molecules using a tagged, reversible cross-linking agent (preferably tagged-psoralen) under ultraviolet irradiation; b) fragmenting the said cross-linked RNA molecule(s); c) using said tag to extract said cross-linked RNA fragment(s); d) ligating the said cross-linked RNA fragment(s) to produce cross-linked ligated RNA chimera(s); e) reversing the cross-linking of the said agent to the said RNA molecule(s); f) preparing a sequence library by sequencing the ligated RNA chimera molecule(s) or pair(s); and g) analysing the sequence library to determine RNA interactions. Also disclosed is a method of studying a subject by analysing RNA interactions and attributing them to a clinical picture, or a drug discovery method by attributing an efficacy score to the drug based upon determined RNA interactions.

Abstract: An infrared focal plane readout integrated circuit that includes a unit bias circuit, an integrating circuit, and an on-chip analog-to-digital conversion circuit, where the integrating circuit includes a first switch tube, a second switch tube, and an integrating capacitor; an output end of the unit bias circuit is connected to an input end of the first switch tube; an input end of the second switch tube is connected to a set terminal; both an output end of the first switch tube and an output end of the second switch tube are connected to one end of an integrating capacitor and an input end of the on-chip analog-to-digital conversion circuit; the other end of the integrating capacitor is grounded; and the on-chip analog-to-digital conversion circuit includes a first inverter, a second inverter, a third inverter, an exclusive-OR gate, a built-in sequence counter, and a register.

Abstract: Provided are methods of predicting a pairability of nucleotides of a plurality of RNA polynucleotides by (a) simultaneously determining a paired state or an unpaired state of nucleotides of the plurality of RNA polynucleotides; and (b) corresponding the paired state or the unpaired state of the nucleotides to a database of nucleic acid sequences, the database comprises nucleic acid sequences representing the plurality of RNA polynucleotides, thereby determining the pairability of nucleotides of the plurality of RNA polynucleotides. Also provided are methods of determining a secondary structure of a plurality of RNA molecules; methods of determining if a molecule is capable of modulating a secondary structure of at least one RNA polynucleotide of a plurality of RNA polynucleotides; and methods of screening for a marker associated with a pathology.