Abstract: A charging system includes: a charge port that receives shore power; a DC-to-DC converter or a motor inverter circuit; switches that connect the charge port and the DC-to-DC converter or the motor inverter circuit to battery packs; and a control module. The control module: determines open circuit voltages or states of charges of the battery packs; based on the open circuit voltages or the states of charges of the battery packs, determines whether to connect at least one of the battery packs to the charge port, the DC-to-DC converter, and the motor inverter circuit; and based on the determination of whether to connect at least one of the battery packs, control states of the switches to charge the at least one of the battery packs by selectively connecting the at least one of the battery packs to (a) the charge port, or (b) the DC-to-DC converter or motor inverter circuit.

Abstract: A vehicle, system and method for monitoring an occurrence of thermal runaway in a battery pack of the vehicle. The system includes a plurality of voltage sensors and a processor. The plurality of voltage sensors obtains a plurality of voltage measurements at each of a plurality of battery cells of the battery pack. The processor is configured to determine a mean value based on the plurality of voltage measurements, compare a voltage measurement obtained from a selected battery cell to the mean value, and generate a notification signal when a difference between the voltage measurement from the selected battery cell and the mean value is greater than or equal to a prognostic threshold.

Abstract: A rechargeable energy storage system includes a DC-to-DC converter operational to: receive a battery discharge power at two first local nodes; and convert the battery discharge power to a pack discharge power at two first inter-assembly nodes while in a discharge mode in response to a control signal. The DC-to-DC converter is further operational to: receive a pack charge power at the two first inter-assembly nodes; and convert the pack charge power to a battery charge power at the two first local nodes while in a charge mode. A first battery assembly has a first state-of-charge. A second battery assembly has a second state-of-charge, and operates in series with the first battery assembly. The controller is operational to generate the control signal that varies the DC-to-DC converter to balance the first state-of-charge with the second state-of-charge while in the discharge mode.

Abstract: A method for monitoring a battery module in a vehicle includes selecting an upper cut-off voltage and a lower cut-off voltage for the battery module. The method includes charging the battery cell from an original state to a first benchmark voltage greater than an upper cut-off voltage, via a first charging process. The method includes discharging the battery cell from the first benchmark voltage to a second benchmark voltage less than a lower cut-off voltage, via a first discharging process. The battery module is then charged from the second benchmark voltage to the first benchmark voltage, via a second charging process. The method includes obtaining a ratio of a discharging capacity to a charging capacity of the battery module. Operation of the vehicle is controlled based in part on the ratio, including taking at least one remedial action if the ratio is less than a predefined threshold.

Abstract: Systems and methods for diagnosing health of a battery using in-vehicle impedance analysis. The method includes receiving a sensed current measurement for a cell of the battery; generating a current profile as a function of the sensed current measurement, including pulses to a peak current, the pulses having a pulse frequency (w); applying a current with the current profile to the cell; for each pulse in the current profile, receiving a voltage measurement for the cell that is responsive to the pulse, calculating an impedance for the cell responsive thereto, the impedance comprising a real component at the pulse frequency (RZw), and an imaginary component at the pulse frequency (IZw), identifying a battery health problem when either RZw exceeds a preprogrammed first threshold for the pulse frequency, or when IZw exceeds a preprogrammed second threshold for the pulse frequency, and storing the RZw and the IZw for the cell.

Abstract: A system for estimating a state-of-charge of a battery assembly includes a sensor cell and an estimator circuit. The sensor cell is coupled in series to the battery assembly. The battery assembly has an assembly battery chemistry and the sensor cell has a sensor battery chemistry, and the assembly battery chemistry is different than the sensor battery chemistry. The estimator circuit is operational to acquire a sequence of current sensor cell state-of-charges based on a sensor cell model and a sequence of sensor voltages across the sensor cell, calculate a sequence of current battery assembly state-of-charges based on the sequence of current sensor cell state-of-charges, and calculate an estimated battery assembly state-of-charge of the battery assembly and an estimated sensor cell state-of-charge of the sensor cell by filtering in parallel the sequence of current battery assembly state-of-charges and the sequence of current sensor cell state-of-charges.

Abstract: A system includes a conversion device of a charging station, the conversion device connected to a first energy source of the charging station, and a controller configured to perform an impedance measurement applied to an energy storage system, the energy storage system selected from at least one of a second energy source of the charging station and a battery system of a vehicle. The controller is configured to cause the first energy source to generate a first excitation signal for measuring a first energy source impedance, control the conversion device to adjust a parameter of the first excitation signal to convert the first excitation signal to a converted excitation signal, apply the converted excitation signal to the energy storage system, detect a current response of the energy storage system, and estimate the impedance of the energy storage system based on the current response.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for generating an internal short circuit prediction of a battery cell. In one embodiment, the techniques involve receiving feature measurements of a plurality of cells, determining a snapshot moving average of the feature measurement of each of the plurality of cells based on a corresponding measurement window, determining a health indicator of each of the plurality of cells based on the respective snapshot moving averages, ranking a plurality of health indicators of the respective plurality of cells, wherein the plurality of health indicators is ranked by magnitude, determining a short circuit threshold value based on a second-ranked health indicator, and upon determining that a first-ranked health indicator exceeds the short circuit threshold value, generating a prediction of a short circuit in a cell corresponding to the first-ranked health indicator.

Abstract: Simultaneous parallel charging of a first and second electrical energy storage devices coupled to a charge source is carried out by directly coupling the charge source to one of the first ESD and the second ESD and through a DC to DC converter to the other of the first ESD and the second ESD. The charge source provides a current that is allocated to the two ESDs by controlling the DC to DC converter. Priority of charging may be given to either ESD.

Abstract: Some embodiments disclosed herein are directed to constraint handling for parameters of electric motors. In particular, embodiments of the present disclosure relate to handling constraints for parameters such as current, voltage, and torque associated with an electric motor. Other embodiments may be disclosed or claimed.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for battery imbalance diagnosis and mitigation. In one embodiment, the techniques involve isolating, via a first isolation unit, a first battery cell from a plurality of battery cells, determining, via a complex impedance measurement unit, a state of health of the first battery cell, and controlling, via a controller, the first battery cell based on the state of health of the first battery cell.

Abstract: A vehicle includes at least one electric motor configured to convert electric power to rotational motion, a battery system electrically connected to the at least one electric motor, and a controller coupled to the battery system. The controller includes a non-transitory computer readable memory and a processor. The memory stores a charging control software module configured to cause the processor to perform the method of: determining an optimum charging profile based at least partially on an available received charging power, an ambient temperature of the battery system, charging system constraints, and at least one driver preference.

Abstract: Embodiments include balancing modules during charging of a mixed chemistry battery pack having a first battery module connected in series to a second battery module. Aspects include monitoring a first state-of-charge (SOC) of the first battery module having a first battery chemistry and monitoring a second SOC of the second battery module having a second battery chemistry. Aspects also include selectively activating one of a first bypass switch and a first activation switch of the first battery module based on the first SOC and the second SOC and selectively activating one of a second bypass switch and a second activation switch of the second battery module based on the first SOC and the second SOC. The activation of the first bypass switch prevents the first battery module from charging and activation of the second bypass switch prevents the second battery module from charging.

Abstract: A mixed chemistry battery having a first battery cell having a first chemistry and a second battery cell having a second chemistry that is different than the first chemistry is provided. The first battery cell is connected to the second battery cell in series. The mixed chemistry battery includes a battery monitoring system configured to obtain a first SOC of the first battery cell and a second SOC of the second battery cell and based on a determination that an absolute value of a difference between the first SOC and the second SOC is greater than a threshold value, obtain a first capacity retention rate for the first battery cell and a second capacity retention rate for the second battery cell; and update the second SOC based on the first SOC, the first capacity retention rate, and the second capacity retention rate.

Abstract: A trip energy estimation system for a vehicle includes a traffic speed module configured to determine an average traffic speed along a projected route, a path information module configured to output path information indicating route features along the projected route, a perceived speed module configured to output a perceived vehicle speed along the projected route based on the average traffic speed and the path information, and a dynamic driving module configured to calculate and output a predicted driver speed based on the perceived vehicle speed and a feedback input indicative of the predicted driver speed. The dynamic driving module is configured to execute a machine learning algorithm to calculate the predicted driver speed.

Abstract: A system for monitoring an electric power storage system includes: a processor electrically connected to multiple sensors, each of the sensors being configured to detect at least one parameter of the electric power storage system the processor being configured to acquire a set of direct measurement data of the set of power cells from the plurality of sensors, provide the set of direct measurement data to a physics model within the processor and generate a set of derived measurement data using the physics model, provide the derived measurement data and at least a portion of the direct measurement data to a machine learning model and generate a coordinate position corresponding to a fault condition of the set of power cells, compare the coordinate position to a fault map and identifying a probable fault cause based on the comparison, and alter an operation of the vehicle based on the comparison.

Abstract: An electrical system having a plurality of power converters each having an input in electrical communication with a power source and an output in electrical communication with a load. A controller is configured to receive an output power request for the plurality of power converters. The controller can then select at least one power converter of the plurality of power converters to satisfy the output power request based on an efficiency of power conversion of each of the plurality of power converters and an operating lifespan of each of the plurality of power converters and direct the at least one power converter to produce power to satisfy the output power request.

Abstract: Provided are methods of preparing source identifiable collections of nucleic acids from a plurality of sources, such as cells or cell nuclei, using a combinatorial indexing methodology. Generally, the methods include providing a first set of cellular source sub-portions, each sub-portion comprising multiple cellular sources of the initial plurality of cellular sources. First identifier tagged nucleic acids are then generated in the multiple cellular sources of each sub-portion of the first set using a template switching mediated reaction employing a template switch oligonucleotide comprising a first identifier, wherein the first identifier of the template switch oligonucleotides employed in the different sub-portions of the first set is the same within a given sub-portion but differs between the different sub-portions.

Abstract: A system in a vehicle includes a controller to implement a neural network to provide current commands based on inputs. The inputs include a torque input. The system also includes a current controller to provide a three-phase voltage through an inverter based on the current commands from the controller. An electric traction motor provides drive power to a transmission of the vehicle based on injection of the three-phase voltage. The current commands resulting from implementation of the neural network are corrected based on estimated torque resulting from the injection of the three-phase voltage to the electric traction motor.

Abstract: A Thevenin equivalent model of a lithium-ion battery cell provides the basis for a simplified cell diagnostic relying on cell current and cell terminal voltage measurements.