Abstract: A rapid detection method of sulfide content is provided, which includes determining the concentration and volume of a metal ion solution, the volume of a sample, and the amount of a chemical reducing agent, depending on a threshold value. It also provides preparing the metal ion solution, sampling the sample, and mixing the metal ion solution with the sample to result in a mixture solution. The chemical reducing agent is added into the mixture solution to obtain the resulting solution. Naked-eye observation of the resulting solution is used to determine whether the sulfide content of the sample is over the threshold value. When the resulting solution is clear, this indicates that the sulfide content of the sample is greater than or equal to the threshold value. When the resulting solution contains precipitates, this indicates that the sulfide content of the sample is lower than the threshold value.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a LC panel and a LCD apparatus using the LC panel. The LC panel includes: a first substrate and a second substrate opposing the first substrate, arranging the first substrate to face the second substrate; a LC layer containing a plurality of LC molecules between the first substrate and second substrate; and a plurality of vertical alignment molecules, each comprising a long-chain alignment terminal, a cross-linking terminal, and at least one bonding terminal; wherein the at least one bonding terminal couples the vertical alignment molecule to the first or second substrate to form a surface bonding, the long-chain alignment terminals are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the first or second substrate, the cross-linking terminals link the neighboring vertical alignment molecules together, and the LC molecules are vertically aligned between the first substrate and second substrate by means of the long-chain alignment terminals.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) panel includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer. The first substrate includes a first alignment layer. The second substrate is disposed opposite to the first substrate, and includes a second alignment layer. The liquid crystal layer is disposed between the first and second substrates, and the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer contact the liquid crystal layer. The first alignment layer and the second alignment layer are defined as first-type alignment layers, and either the first substrate or the second substrates has a second-type alignment layer.