Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for reconstructing electrocardiogram (ECG) waveforms from photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals using dictionary learning and deep learning for continuous monitoring and analytics. A method may include obtaining an electrical signal of a heart. The method may also include obtaining a circulatory signal related to a pulsatile volume of blood in tissue. The method may further include preprocessing the electrical signal and the circulatory signal. In addition, the method may include learning a mapping from at least one of the preprocessed electrical signal and the preprocessed circulatory signal. Further, the method may include training a model using the mapping. The method may also include deriving cardiovascular data based on the trained model.

Abstract: A lead-acid battery includes a container and an intermediate cover. The container comprises six pole groups in linear arrangement in a longitudinal direction. Two of the pole groups on a farthest edge are provided with pole posts penetrating through the intermediate cover. The intermediate cover is fixed with two connection terminals. Each of the connection terminals comprise a first connecting part connected to the pole post and a second connecting part connected to an external wire. The two connection terminals are provided on a side of the intermediate cover in a width direction of thereof, and the second connecting part is led out from a side surface of the intermediate cover. One of the connection terminals is directly connected to one of the pole posts, and the other one of the connection terminals is connected to another one of the pole posts via an adapted cable.