Abstract: In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a composition for producing a vanadium electrolyte includes a vanadium compound and an ion solution containing vanadium ions and hydrogen ions. In another embodiment, a method for producing a vanadium electrolyte includes obtaining a vanadium compound, and mixing the vanadium compound with an ion solution containing vanadium ions and hydrogen ions.

Abstract: Implementations are described herein for learning mappings between a domain specific language (DSL) and images, and leveraging those mappings for various purposes. In various implementations, a method for using a DSL to generate training data may include processing data indicative of ground truth image(s) depicting a real plant using a trained image-to-DSL machine learning (ML) model to generate a first expression in the DSL that describes structure of the real plant. The first expression may include a plurality of parameters, and may be processed to programmatically generate a plurality of synthetic DSL expressions. Each respective synthetic DSL expression may describe structure of a respective synthetic plant for which parameter(s) have been altered from the first expression. The synthetic DSL expressions may be processed using a renderer to create three-dimensional (3D) synthetic plant models. Two-dimensional (2D) synthetic images may be generated that depict the 3D synthetic plant models in an area.

Abstract: Implementations are described herein for utilizing the spectral-, spatial-, and temporal-information of a satellite image time series to facilitate crop control or monitoring. In various implementations, a plurality of training examples may be assembled for a generative model. Each training example of the plurality of training examples may include a respective high-resolution image capturing a respective region and a corresponding low-resolution satellite image time series capturing the respective region. The plurality of training examples can be used to train the generative model, to acquire a trained generative model. A high-resolution image depicting one or more agricultural conditions for a given region, can be received and processed using the trained generative model, to generate a synthetic low-resolution satellite image time series, where the synthetic low-resolution satellite image time series represent the one or more agricultural conditions.

Abstract: Implementations are described herein for leveraging an agricultural knowledge graph to generate messages automatically. In various implementations, an agricultural event may trigger proactive performance of one or more of the following operations. Nodes of the agricultural knowledge graph may be identified as related to the agricultural event, including field node(s) representing subject agricultural field(s) to which the agricultural event is relevant and other node(s) connected to one or more of the field nodes by edge(s). Machine learning model(s) may be accessed based on the identified nodes and/or the edges that connect the identified nodes. Data relevant to the subject agricultural field(s) may be retrieved from data source(s) controlled by an agricultural entity and processed based on the machine learning model(s) to generate inference(s) about the subject agricultural field(s).

Abstract: Implementations are disclosed for automatically generating computer code that implements a machine learning-based processing pipeline based on multiple different modalities of input. In various implementations, one or more annotations created on a demonstration digital image to annotate one or more visual features depicted in the demonstration digital image may be processed to generate annotation embedding(s). Natural language input describing one or more operations to be performed based on the one or more annotations also may be processed to generate one or more logic embeddings. The annotation embedding(s) and the logic embedding(s) may be processed using a language model to generate, and store in non-transitory computer-readable memory, target computer code. The target computer code may implement a machine learning-based processing pipeline that performs the one or more operations based on the one or more annotations.

Abstract: Techniques for training an agricultural inference machine learning model to generate valid agricultural inferences of agricultural conditions based on ground truth sensor data that falls within a plurality of ground truth sensor value ranges associated with a particular agricultural area, and to generate invalid or ambiguous agricultural inferences of agricultural conditions based on ground truth sensor data that falls outside of the plurality of ground truth sensor value ranges associated with a particular agricultural area. The agricultural inference machine learning model is trained, based on ground truth sensor data for the particular agricultural area, to determine if the subsequently received ground truth sensor data falls within or outside of that plurality of ground truth sensor value ranges that correspond to the particular agricultural area.

Abstract: Implementations are described herein for integrating phenotyping machine learning (ML) models with an agricultural knowledge graph (AKG) to facilitate streamlined and flexible phenotypic inferences. In various implementations, the AKG may be traversed based on input including image(s) of crops growing in an agricultural plot until a destination node is reached. The AKG may include a phenotypic taxonomy of nodes representing a taxonomic hierarchy of organisms, with the destination node corresponding to a level of the phenotypic taxonomy that is commensurate in scope with the input. The phenotypic taxonomy of nodes may provide access to a corresponding taxonomy of phenotyping ML models, each trained to generate phenotypic inference(s) at a specificity that corresponds to a level of the phenotypic taxonomy. The crop image(s) may be processed using the phenotyping ML model that is accessible via the destination node to generate phenotypic inference(s) about the agricultural plot.

Abstract: Implementations are described herein for training and applying machine learning models to digital images capturing plants, and to other data indicative of attributes of individual plants captured in the digital images, to recognize individual plants in distinction from other individual plants. In various implementations, a digital image that captures a first plant of a plurality of plants may be applied, along with additional data indicative of an additional attribute of the first plant observed when the digital image was taken, as input across a machine learning model to generate output. Based on the output, an association may be stored in memory, e.g., of a database, between the digital image that captures the first plant and one or more previously-captured digital images of the first plant.

Abstract: Various implementations include processing an instance of image data using a reinforcement learning policy model to generate illumination output, where the illumination output indicates one or more lights of an agricultural robot or modular sensor package to adjust based on uneven illumination in the instance of image data. In many implementations, the initial instance of image data is captured using one or more sensors of an agricultural robot or modular sensor package, where the initial instance of image data captures one or more crops in a portion of a plot of land. In various implementations, the agricultural robot or modular sensor package can adjust one or more lights based on the illumination output, and can capture an updated instance of image data of the given one or more crops with the updated illumination.

Abstract: Implementations are disclosed for a cooling system for cooling sensor packages disposed on an agricultural vehicle, robot, etc. In various implementations, the cooling system includes: a reservoir containing a coolant; one or more sprayers to dispense the coolant from the reservoir at a target; a conduit that fluidly couples the reservoir with the one or more sprayers; and a sensor package that includes at least one processor. At least a portion of the sensor package is in contact with the conduit so that heat is dissipated from the sensor package by the coolant flowing through the conduit.

Abstract: Implementations are described herein for performing joint optimization of multi-task learning of dense predictions (MT-DP) and hardware-aware neural architecture search (NAS). In various implementations, a set of tasks to be performed using a resource-constrained edge computing system may be determined. Based on a base multi-task dense-prediction (MT-DP) architecture template, the set of tasks, and a plurality of hardware-based constraints of a target edge computing system, a network architecture search (NAS) may be used to sample candidate MT-DP architecture(s) from a search space of neural network architecture components. Each sampled candidate MT-DP architecture may include a distinct assembly of sampled neural network architecture components applied to the base MT-DP architecture template. Image data may be processed using the candidate MT-DP architecture(s) to determine performance metrics. These performance metrics may be used to jointly train the MT-DP architecture(s) and/or the NAS.

Abstract: Implementations are disclosed for facilitating visual programming of machine learning state machines. In various implementations, one or more graphical user interfaces (GUIs) may be rendered on one or more displays. Each GUI may include a working canvas on which a plurality of graphical elements corresponding to at least some of a plurality of available logical routines are manipulable to define a machine learning state machine. One or more of the available logical routines may include logical operations that process data using machine learning model(s). Two or more at least partially redundant logical routines that include overlapping logical operations may be identified, and overlapping logical operations of the two or more at least partially redundant logical routines may be merged into a consolidated logical routine. At least some of the logical operations that were previously downstream from the overlapping logical operations may be logically coupled with the consolidated logical routine.

Abstract: Implementations are described herein for training a remote sensing machine learning model. In various implementations, ground-truth low elevation images that depict particular crop(s) in particular agricultural area(s) and terrain conditions observed in the agricultural area(s) are identified. A plurality of low elevation training images is generated based on the ground truth low elevation training images to include the plurality of ground truth low elevation images and synthetic low elevation images generated based on synthetic terrain conditions. The plurality of low-elevation training images are processed using a synthetic satellite image machine learning model to generate the plurality of synthetic satellite training images, which are then processed by the remote sensing machine learning model to generate inferred terrain conditions.

Abstract: Implementations are described herein for reducing the time and costs associated with the crop scouting in a crop field. In various implementations, a method is implemented using one or more processors, and the method include: operating, based on a type and arrangement of a crop field, a robot to travel along a trajectory through the crop field using a first gait. The robot includes one or more vision sensors. The first gait includes a first repeating cycle of poses of the robot. The method can further include: synchronizing operation of one or more of the vision sensors with one or more poses of the first repeating cycle of poses of the multi-legged robot to capture one or more initial sequences of images depicting one or more points-of-interest of crops growing in the crop field.

Abstract: Implementations are described herein for training and applying machine learning models to digital images capturing plants, and to other data indicative of attributes of individual plants captured in the digital images, to recognize individual plants in distinction from other individual plants. In various implementations, a digital image that captures a first plant of a plurality of plants may be applied, along with additional data indicative of an additional attribute of the first plant observed when the digital image was taken, as input across a machine learning model to generate output. Based on the output, an association may be stored in memory, e.g., of a database, between the digital image that captures the first plant and one or more previously-captured digital images of the first plant.

Abstract: Implementations are directed to assigning corresponding semantic identifiers to a plurality of rows of an agricultural field, generating a local mapping of the agricultural field that includes the plurality of rows of the agricultural field, and subsequently utilizing the local mapping in performance of one or more agricultural operations. In some implementations, the local mapping can be generated based on overhead vision data that captures at least a portion of the agricultural field. In these implementations, the local mapping can be generated based on GPS data associated with the portion of the agricultural field captured in the overhead vision data. In other implementations, the local mapping can be generated based on driving data generated during an episode of locomotion of a vehicle through the agricultural field. In these implementations, the local mapping can be generated based on GPS data associated with the vehicle traversing through the agricultural field.

Abstract: Implementations are disclosed for facilitating visual programming of machine learning state machines. In various implementations, one or more graphical user interfaces (GUIs) may be rendered on one or more displays. Each GUI may include a working canvas on which a plurality of graphical elements corresponding to at least some of a plurality of available logical routines are manipulable to define a machine learning state machine. One or more of the available logical routines may include logical operations that process data using machine learning model(s). Two or more at least partially redundant logical routines that include overlapping logical operations may be identified, and overlapping logical operations of the two or more at least partially redundant logical routines may be merged into a consolidated logical routine. At least some of the logical operations that were previously downstream from the overlapping logical operations may be logically coupled with the consolidated logical routine.

Abstract: Implementations are described herein for edge-based real time crop yield predictions made using sampled subsets of robotically-acquired vision data. In various implementations, one or more robots may be deployed amongst a plurality of plants in an area such as a field. Using one or more vision sensors of the one or more robots, a superset of high resolution images may be acquired that depict the plurality of plants. A subset of multiple high resolution images may then be sampled from the superset of high resolution images. Data indicative of the subset of high resolution images may be applied as input across a machine learning model, with or without additional data, to generate output indicative of a real time crop yield prediction.

Abstract: Techniques are disclosed that enable generating a unified data set by mapping a set of item description phrases, describing entries in a data set, to a set of canonical phrases. Various implementations include generating a similarity measure between each item description phrase and each canonical phrase by processing the corresponding item description phrase and the corresponding canonical phrase using a natural language processing model. Additional or alternative implementations include generating a bipartite graph based on the set of item description phrases, the set of canonical phrases, and the similarity measures. The mapping can be generated based on the bipartite graph.

Abstract: Implementations are directed to assigning corresponding semantic identifiers to a plurality of rows of an agricultural field, generating a local mapping of the agricultural field that includes the plurality of rows of the agricultural field, and subsequently utilizing the local mapping in performance of one or more agricultural operations. In some implementations, the local mapping can be generated based on overhead vision data that captures at least a portion of the agricultural field. In these implementations, the local mapping can be generated based on GPS data associated with the portion of the agricultural field captured in the overhead vision data. In other implementations, the local mapping can be generated based on driving data generated during an episode of locomotion of a vehicle through the agricultural field. In these implementations, the local mapping can be generated based on GPS data associated with the vehicle traversing through the agricultural field.