Abstract: A fuel cell power system and method for identifying and compensating for variations identified in a fuel composition of a fuel cell power system, comprising the fuel cell system components selected from the group consisting of a catalytic oxidizer, a reformer, an exhaust, a fuel cell stack or system, or a combination thereof; and a control device configured to control the fuel cell system components, wherein the control device comprises a computer algorithm to indirectly correlate measurements of the fuel cell system components to a difference in the fuel composition.

Abstract: A system includes an internal combustion engine producing exhaust gases as a byproduct of operation and an aftertreatment system that treats the exhaust gases. The system further includes a controller that is structured to functionally execute operations to enhance the temperature of the aftertreatment system. The controller includes an operating condition monitoring module that interprets a temperature value at a position upstream of a catalyst positioned in the aftertreatment system. The controller further includes an operating condition management module that interprets a threshold temperature value, and an engine management module that provides an engine operation command to continue engine operation in response to the temperature value being at least equal to the threshold temperature value.

Abstract: The invention provides novel polymer compositions and methods for preparing such compositions. The invention also provides methods for polymerizing various unsaturated monomers, including naturally occurring or plant biomass-derived renewable acrylic monomers. The monomers can be rapidly polymerized using various organic catalysts or organometallic catalysts, as described herein. In one embodiment, nearly perfectly isotactic polymers (mmmm>99%) can be prepared using a C2-symmetric zirconocenium catalyst.

Abstract: A system includes an internal combustion engine producing exhaust gases as a byproduct of operation and an aftertreatment system that treats the exhaust gases. The system further includes a controller that is structured to functionally execute operations to enhance the temperature of the aftertreatment system. The controller includes an operating condition monitoring module that interprets a temperature value at a position upstream of a catalyst positioned in the aftertreatment system. The controller further includes an operating condition management module that interprets a threshold temperature value, and an engine management module that provides an engine operation command to continue engine operation in response to the temperature value being at least equal to the threshold temperature value.

Abstract: A system includes an internal combustion engine producing exhaust gases as a byproduct of operation and an aftertreatment system that treats the exhaust gases. The system further includes a controller that is structured to functionally execute operations to enhance the temperature of the aftertreatment system. The controller includes an operating condition monitoring module that interprets a temperature value at a position upstream of a catalyst positioned in the aftertreatment system. The controller further includes an operating condition management module that interprets a threshold temperature value, and an engine management module that provides an engine operation command to continue engine operation in response to the temperature value being at least equal to the threshold temperature value.

Abstract: The invention provides novel polymer compositions and methods for preparing such compositions. The invention also provides methods for polymerizing various unsaturated monomers, including naturally occurring or plant biomass-derived renewable acrylic monomers. The monomers can be rapidly polymerized using various organic catalysts or organometallic catalysts, as described herein. In one embodiment, nearly perfectly isotactic polymers (mmmm>99%) can be prepared using a C2-symmetric zirconocenium catalyst.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an apparatus for controlling the heating of diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) in a DEF delivery system includes a temperature comparison module that compares a difference between a sensed ambient air temperature and a sensed DEF tank temperature with a predetermined temperature difference threshold. Additionally, the apparatus includes a DEF heating status module that is configured to generate a DEF heating command according to (i) the sensed ambient air temperature if the difference between the sensed ambient air temperature and sensed DEF tank temperature is less than the predetermined temperature threshold; and (ii) the sensed DEF tank temperature if the difference between the sensed ambient air temperature and sensed DEF tank temperature is more than the predetermined temperature threshold. The apparatus also includes a DEF heating control module that is configured to control the heating of the DEF according to the DEF heating command.

Abstract: In a system, an engine includes an exhaust system with a particle filter operable to collect particulate matter in exhaust produced by the engine, a sensor arrangement, a controller, and one or more engine control devices. The sensor arrangement provides a first sensor signal representative of oxygen in the exhaust and a second sensor signal representative of a temperature of the particle filter. The controller regulates operation of the particle filter in response to the sensor arrangement. The controller is structured to generate one or more output signals corresponding to a minimum exhaust flow rate as a function of the first and second sensor signals. The control devices are responsive to the one or more output signals to provide the minimum exhaust flow rate to the filter.

Abstract: A method for improving the effectiveness of filters by increasing accuracy of an estimate of particulate matter loading remaining in the filter after cleaning. In one embodiment, the disclosed method includes removing soot from the DPF by cleaning, and measuring parameters for a set of predetermined criteria. The amount of soot present in the DPF is then estimated based on delta pressure. The resulting estimated soot load value accounts for the noise factors such as ash loading after extended operation. The value is then used to adjust for future measurements of soot loading in the DPF after subsequent regeneration treatments and/or used to diagnose the effectiveness of the cleaning. The method can also be applied to diagnostics of the DPF. When discrepancies between DPSLE and model-based soot load estimate are observed in healthy regenerations, failure modes such as plugged filter, extreme ash loading or substrate melting can be detected.

Abstract: A system includes an internal combustion engine producing exhaust gases as a byproduct of operation and an aftertreatment system that treats the exhaust gases. The system further includes a controller that is structured to functionally execute operations to enhance the temperature of the aftertreatment system. The controller includes an operating condition monitoring module that interprets a temperature value at a position upstream of a catalyst positioned in the aftertreatment system. The controller further includes an operating condition management module that interprets a threshold temperature value, and an engine management module that provides an engine operation command to continue engine operation in response to the temperature value being at least equal to the threshold temperature value.

Abstract: A method includes providing a system having a fluid flow, a fuel injector and an oxygen sensor disposed in the fluid flow, where the oxygen sensor is downstream of the fuel injector. The method includes determining a first air fuel ratio, changing an injection rate of the fuel injector and determining a second air fuel ratio, and determining a fault value for the fuel injector from the first air fuel ratio and the second air fuel ratio. The method further includes determining the fault value for the fuel injector by determining a difference between the first air fuel ratio and the second air fuel ratio, and by determining that the fault value is positive in response to the difference being lower than a passing threshold value. The method includes changing injection rates of the fuel injector for specified periods of time short enough to significant disruption of system temperatures.

Abstract: A method includes providing a system having a fluid flow, a fuel injector and an oxygen sensor disposed in the fluid flow, where the oxygen sensor is downstream of the fuel injector. The method includes determining a first air fuel ratio, changing an injection rate of the fuel injector and determining a second air fuel ratio, and determining a fault value for the fuel injector from the first air fuel ratio and the second air fuel ratio. The method further includes determining the fault value for the fuel injector by determining a difference between the first air fuel ratio and the second air fuel ratio, and by determining that the fault value is positive in response to the difference being lower than a passing threshold value. The method includes changing injection rates of the fuel injector for specified periods of time short enough to significant disruption of system temperatures.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an apparatus for controlling the heating of diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) in a DEF delivery system includes a temperature comparison module that compares a difference between a sensed ambient air temperature and a sensed DEF tank temperature with a predetermined temperature difference threshold. Additionally, the apparatus includes a DEF heating status module that is configured to generate a DEF heating command according to (i) the sensed ambient air temperature if the difference between the sensed ambient air temperature and sensed DEF tank temperature is less than the predetermined temperature threshold; and (ii) the sensed DEF tank temperature if the difference between the sensed ambient air temperature and sensed DEF tank temperature is more than the predetermined temperature threshold. The apparatus also includes a DEF heating control module that is configured to control the heating of the DEF according to the DEF heating command.

Abstract: A system, method and computer operable code is disclosed for reducing HC and liquid accumulation in an exhaust gas treatment system. A timer is used to monitor the amount of time the system spends in either absorption mode or desorption mode. If the exhaust gas temperature at the inlet of a oxidation catalyst device is below an absorption threshold, the timer is instructed to count up. If the exhaust gas temperature is above a desorption threshold, the timer is instructed to count down. At a predetermined timer threshold value, the engine is instructed to enter a thermal management mode operable to reduce accumulation of HC and liquid in the exhaust gas management system.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention includes a unique technique to regulate operation of an internal combustion engine. Other embodiments include unique apparatus, devices, systems, and methods relating to internal combustion engine including exhaust aftertreatment components, apparatus, and systems.

Abstract: A method for improving the effectiveness of filters by increasing accuracy of an estimate of particulate matter loading remaining in the filter after cleaning. In one embodiment, the disclosed method includes removing soot from the DPF by cleaning, and measuring parameters for a set of predetermined criteria. The amount of soot present in the DPF is then estimated based on delta pressure. The resulting estimated soot load value accounts for the noise factors such as ash loading after extended operation. The value is then used to adjust for future measurements of soot loading in the DPF after subsequent regeneration treatments and/or used to diagnose the effectiveness of the cleaning. The method can also be applied to diagnostics of the DPF. When discrepancies between DPSLE and model-based soot load estimate are observed in healthy regenerations, failure modes such as plugged filter, extreme ash loading or substrate melting can be detected.

Abstract: A system comprises an engine including an exhaust system with a particle filter operable to collect particulate matter in exhaust produced by the engine, a sensor arrangement, a controller, and one or more engine control devices. The sensor arrangement provides a first sensor signal representative of oxygen in the exhaust and a second sensor signal representative of a temperature of the particle filter. The controller regulates operation of the particle filter in response to the sensor arrangement. The controller is structured to generate one or more output signals corresponding to a minimum exhaust flow rate as a function of the first and second sensor signals. The control devices are responsive to the one or more output signals to provide the minimum exhaust flow rate to the filter.

Abstract: A system comprises an engine including an exhaust system with a particle filter operable to collect particulate matter in exhaust produced by the engine, a sensor arrangement, a controller, and one or more engine control devices. The sensor arrangement provides a first sensor signal representative of oxygen in the exhaust and a second sensor signal representative of a temperature of the particle filter. The controller regulates operation of the particle filter in response to the sensor arrangement. The controller is structured to generate one or more output signals corresponding to a minimum exhaust flow rate as a function of the first and second sensor signals. The control devices are responsive to the one or more output signals to provide the minimum exhaust flow rate to the filter.

Abstract: A system, method and computer operable code is disclosed for reducing HC and liquid accumulation in an exhaust gas treatment system. A timer is used to monitor the amount of time the system spends in either absorption mode or desorption mode. If the exhaust gas temperature at the inlet of a oxidation catalyst device is below an absorption threshold, the timer is instructed to count up. If the exhaust gas temperature is above a desorption threshold, the timer is instructed to count down. At a predetermined timer threshold value, the engine is instructed to enter a thermal management mode operable to reduce accumulation of HC and liquid in the exhaust gas management system.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention includes a unique technique to regulate operation of an internal combustion engine. Other embodiments include unique apparatus, devices, systems, and methods relating to internal combustion engine including exhaust aftertreatment components, apparatus, and systems.