Abstract: A LiDAR system having two-dimensional transmitter array is provided. The LiDAR system comprises a light scanner, and a plurality of transmitter groups optically couplable to the light scanner. Each transmitter group of the plurality of transmitter groups comprises a plurality of transmitters. At least two transmitter groups of the plurality of transmitter groups are disposed at different positions with respect to the light scanner, such that scanning areas corresponding to the at least two transmitter groups are different. The LiDAR further comprises a control device configured to selectively control one or more of the plurality of transmitter groups to emit transmission beams toward the light scanner. The light scanner is configured to steer the transmission beams both vertically and horizontally to a field-of-view (FOV), and receive return light formed based on the steered transmission beams.

Abstract: A laser device for providing light to a LiDAR system comprises a plurality of seed lasers configured to provide multiple seed light beams, at least two of the seed light beams having different wavelengths. An amplifier is optically coupled to the plurality of seed lasers to receive the multiple seed light beams. A power pump is configured to provide pump power to the amplifier, where the amplifier amplifies the multiple seed light beams using the pump power to obtain amplified light beams. A second light coupling unit is configured to demultiplex the amplified light beams to obtain a plurality of output light beams, at least two of the output light beams having wavelengths corresponding to the wavelengths of the at least two seed light beams.

Abstract: Soil penetrometers capable of measuring soil reflectance along the direction of insertion of the penetrometer are provided. The penetrometer can house an array of sensors, such as, for example, a Vis-NIR reflectance sensor, a load cell, a displacement sensor, and a moisture sensor. The reflectance data collected using the penetrometer can allow the interpretation and quantification of soil constituents and contaminants at high vertical resolution, such as 3 cm or more.

Abstract: Soil penetrometers capable of measuring soil reflectance along the direction of insertion of the penetrometer are provided. The penetrometer can house an array of sensors, such as, for example, a Vis-NIR reflectance sensor, a load cell, a displacement sensor, and a moisture sensor. The reflectance data collected using the penetrometer can allow the interpretation and quantification of soil constituents and contaminants at high vertical resolution, such as 3 cm or more.