Abstract: The present disclosure provides a tray assembly having a dual-structure. The tray assembly comprises an upper tray and a lower tray. The lower tray is capable of being easily disengaged from the upper tray by use of a dovetail joint that allows the lower tray to slidably move relative to the upper tray. The tray assembly also utilizes magnets to reduce the use of mechanical joints. The combination of the magnets together with the dovetail joint provides a quick and efficient way of sliding the lower tray in and out from the upper tray. The lower tray having a collection region collects any external, foreign materials generated during a chemical mechanical polishing/planarizing process. After the cleaning process, the lower tray can be slid back into the upper tray for use.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a tray assembly having a dual-structure. The tray assembly comprises an upper tray and a lower tray. The lower tray is capable of being easily disengaged from the upper tray by use of a dovetail joint that allows the lower tray to slidably move relative to the upper tray. The tray assembly also utilizes magnets to reduce the use of mechanical joints. The combination of the magnets together with the dovetail joint provides a quick and efficient way of sliding the lower tray in and out from the upper tray. The lower tray having a collection region collects any external, foreign materials generated during a chemical mechanical polishing/planarizing process. After the cleaning process, the lower tray can be slid back into the upper tray for use.

Abstract: A stopper includes a head portion sized and configured to be coupled to an upper platen of a chemical-mechanical planarization system and a stopper leg sized and configured to direct a flow of liquid slurry applied to an upper planar surface of the upper platen substantially away from a lower surface of the upper platen.

Abstract: An antitussive agent. A composition for relieving, preventing and/or treating cough includes a sufficient amount of Cynanchi Atrati Radix extract as an active component. The effective Cynanchi Atrati Radix extract is prepared by extracting Cynanchi Atrati Radix with water, ethanol, hexane, ethyl acetate or a combination thereof. The crude extract can be further fractioned by ultrafiltration or reverse phase column.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition contains a therapeutically effective amount of an active ingredient, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent for the active ingredient, in which the active ingredient is i) a polar solvent extract of Polygala, the polar solvent being water or a mixture of water and methanol or ethanol; ii) an aqueous fraction resulting from an extraction of the polar solvent extract with an organic solvent; iii) an organic eluate by introducing the polar solvent extract or the aqueous fraction into a reverse phase chromatography column, and eluting the column with water and an organic solvent; or iv) a filtrate having a molecular mass less than 30000 in the organic eluate.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition contains a therapeutically effective amount of an active ingredient, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent for the active ingredient, in which the active ingredient is i) a polar solvent extract of Polygala, the polar solvent being water or a mixture of water and methanol or ethanol; ii) an aqueous fraction resulting from an extraction of the polar solvent extract with an organic solvent; iii) an organic eluate by introducing the polar solvent extract or the aqueous fraction into a reverse phase chromatography column, and eluting the column with water and an organic solvent; or iv) a filtrate having a molecular mass less than 30000 in the organic eluate.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition contains a therapeutically effective amount of an active ingredient, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent for the active ingredient, in which the active ingredient is i) a polar solvent extract of Polygala, the polar solvent being water or a mixture of water and methanol or ethanol; ii) an aqueous fraction resulting from an extraction of the polar solvent extract with an organic solvent; iii) an organic eluate by introducing the polar solvent extract or the aqueous fraction into a reverse phase chromatography column, and eluting the column with water and an organic solvent; or iv) a filtrate having a molecular mass less than 30000 in the organic eluate.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition contains a therapeutically effective amount of an active ingredient, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent for the active ingredient, in which the active ingredient is i) a polar solvent extract of Polygala, the polar solvent being water or a mixture of water and methanol or ethanol; ii) an aqueous fraction resulting from an extraction of the polar solvent extract with an organic solvent; iii) an organic eluate by introducing the polar solvent extract or the aqueous fraction into a reverse phase chromatography column, and eluting the column with water and an organic solvent; or iv) a filtrate having a molecular mass less than 30000 in the organic eluate.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition contains a therapeutically effective amount of an active ingredient, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent for the active ingredient, in which the active ingredient is i) a polar solvent extract of Polygala, the polar solvent being water or a mixture of water and methanol or ethanol; ii) an aqueous fraction resulting from an extraction of the polar solvent extract with an organic solvent; iii) an organic eluate by introducing the polar solvent extract or the aqueous fraction into a reverse phase chromatography column, and eluting the column with water and an organic solvent; or iv) a filtrate having a molecular mass less than 30000 in the organic eluate.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition contains a therapeutically effective amount of an active ingredient, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent for the active ingredient, in which the active ingredient is i) a polar solvent extract of Polygala, the polar solvent being water or a mixture of water and methanol or ethanol; ii) an aqueous fraction resulting from an extraction of the polar solvent extract with an organic solvent; iii) an organic eluate by introducing the polar solvent extract or the aqueous fraction into a reverse phase chromatography column, and eluting the column with water and an organic solvent; or iv) a filtrate having a molecular mass less than 30000 in the organic eluate.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition contains a therapeutically effective amount of an active ingredient, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent for the active ingredient, in which the active ingredient is i) a polar solvent extract of Polygala, the polar solvent being water or a mixture of water and methanol or ethanol; ii) an aqueous fraction resulting from an extraction of the polar solvent extract with an organic solvent; iii) an organic eluate by introducing the polar solvent extract or the aqueous fraction into a reverse phase chromatography column, and eluting the column with water and an organic solvent; or iv) a filtrate having a molecular mass less than 30000 in the organic eluate.

Abstract: An antitussive agent. A composition for relieving, preventing and/or treating cough includes a sufficient amount of Cynanchi Atrati Radix extract as an active component. The effective Cynanchi Atrati Radix extract is prepared by extracting Cynanchi Atrati Radix with water, ethanol, hexane, ethyl acetate or a combination thereof. The crude extract can be further fractioned by ultrafiltration or reverse phase column.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition contains a therapeutically effective amount of an active ingredient, in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent for the active ingredient, in which the active ingredient is i) a polar solvent extract of Polygala, the polar solvent being water or a mixture of water and methanol or ethanol; ii) an aqueous fraction resulting from an extraction of the polar solvent extract with an organic solvent; iii) an organic eluate by introducing the polar solvent extract or the aqueous fraction into a reverse phase chromatography column, and eluting the column with water and an organic solvent; or iv) a filtrate having a molecular mass less than 30000 in the organic eluate.