Abstract: A laser scanning method that is a method for scanning a laser beam emitted from a distal end of an optical fiber in a liquid medium. The laser scanning method includes emission of a pulsed laser beam from the distal end in the medium, wherein the emission of the pulsed laser beam includes: generating a bubble that is to come into contact with the distal end and an operation member by means of the laser beam emitted from the distal end, the operation member being disposed only at one side of the distal end in a radial direction of the optical fiber; and contracting the bubble by stopping the emission of the laser beam from the distal end.

Abstract: A laser scanning method including emitting a pulsed laser beam from a distal end of an optical fiber in a liquid medium during a first period, the pulsed laser beam being emitted for generating a bubble at the distal end, stopping emission of the pulsed laser beam from the distal end during a second period, wherein the first period is a period for moving the optical fiber closer toward an operation member disposed parallel to the optical fiber by utilizing contraction of the bubble that comes into contact with or close to the operation member, and wherein the second period is a period for moving the optical fiber away from the operation member.

Abstract: An arithmetic processing device, includes a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and the processor configured to: execute arithmetic processing which executes a plurality of instructions issued out of order, execute control processing which commits the plurality of instructions for which execution has been completed in order, identify, for each instruction included in the plurality of instructions, a count value which indicates a number of cycles from when execution of the instruction has been completed, and identify, among a plurality of uncommitted instructions, the instruction with the count value which matches the number of cycles in which an error is detected in the arithmetic processing as a specific instruction to be retried.

Abstract: A control device, comprising: a processor including hardware, the processor being configured to: control a laser light source to emit a first instance of a laser light, calculate an overlap information related to an overlap area of an irradiation area of an irradiation target that is irradiated with the first instance of the laser light, and control the laser light source to emit a second instance of the laser light based on the overlap information.

Abstract: A laser light irradiation system that irradiates a stone in a body with laser light to cause the stone to be dust, the laser light irradiation system including a laser fiber that emits the laser light, and a processor configured to control a frequency of the laser light emitted from the laser fiber, wherein the processor is configured to switch between first laser light of a first frequency and second laser light of a second frequency such that the second laser light is emitted at least before or after an emission timing of the first laser light, the first laser light generating a water flow that pulls the stone toward the laser fiber, the second laser light generating a water flow that stirs the stone.

Abstract: An arithmetic processing device includes: a first multiplier circuit configured to calculate a product DY of an approximate value D obtained by approximating a reciprocal 1/Y of a divisor Y; a dividend operation circuit configured to compare a dividend X and the divisor Y, and generate an operation value twice the dividend X or the operation value equal to the dividend X based on a comparison result; a second multiplier circuit configured to calculate a product of the approximate value D and the operation value as an initial value R(0) of a partial remainder R(n); a third multiplier circuit configured to calculate a product DY*q(n) of the product DY and a partial quotient q(n) that is a predetermined number of upper bits of the partial remainder R(n); and a first addition circuit configured to calculate a new partial remainder R(n) by subtracting the product DY*q(n) from the partial remainder R(n).

Abstract: Provided is an output adjustment device for a laser lithotripsy apparatus including: a processor including hardware, the processor being configured to: pulse a laser beam; adjust an output of the pulsed laser beam; monotonically increase the output of the laser beam as a first period to generate a bubble binding body containing a plurality of bubbles from a laser emission end; monotonically decrease the output of the laser beam with a gradient larger than a predetermined gradient as a second period following the first period to cause the bubble binding body to disappear so that a crushing target is attracted to the laser emission end; and before the bubble binding body is generated, raise a liquid temperature in a region where the bubble binding body is generated by generating the bubbles and causing the bubbles to disappear.

Abstract: An optical scanning endoscope device includes: a laser element; an optical fiber that guides laser light from the laser element; a first detector that detects a guided light amount of the laser light in the optical fiber; a second detector that detects light from a subject and outputs a detection signal; a first calculator that calculates an optical coupling ratio between the laser element and the optical fiber on the basis of the guided light amount; a second calculator that calculates a degradation ratio of the laser element on the basis of the guided light amount; a first adjuster that adjusts the magnitude of the detection signal on the basis of the optical coupling ratio; and a second adjuster that adjusts the output light amount of the laser light from the laser element on the basis of the degradation ratio.

Abstract: A light-scanning endoscope is provided with: a light-scanner that causes an optical fiber to be vibrated; a controller that causes light to be emitted from the optical fiber with the same phase as the vibrations; an adjusting unit that adjusts a distortion correction amount on the basis of a shape of a row of irradiation positions of the light on an imaging subject; and a phase correcting unit that corrects the phase in which the light is emitted on the basis of the adjusted distortion correction amount.

Abstract: An arithmetic processing device, includes a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and the processor configured to: execute arithmetic processing which executes a plurality of instructions issued out of order, execute control processing which commits the plurality of instructions for which execution has been completed in order, identify, for each instruction included in the plurality of instructions, a count value which indicates a number of cycles from when execution of the instruction has been completed, and identify, among a plurality of uncommitted instructions, the instruction with the count value which matches the number of cycles in which an error is detected in the arithmetic processing as a specific instruction to be retried.

Abstract: A scanning-type image acquisition device includes: drivers that respectively vibrate in an x direction and a y direction that are perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of an optical fiber that guides illumination light from a light source and cause a tip of the optical fiber to be spirally scanned on a subject; a drive-signal generating circuit that generates drive signals for driving the drive units; an adjustment section that adjusts the drive signals generated by the drive-signal generating circuit and generates position reference data; a photodetector that detects scattered light of the illumination light at each scanning position of an illumination light spot on the subject due to the drivers; and an image generating circuit that generates an image by arranging intensity values of the scattered light detected by the photodetector in pixels in accordance with the position reference data output from the adjustment section.

Abstract: An optical scanning endoscope device includes: a laser element; an optical fiber that guides laser light from the laser element; a first detector that detects a guided light amount of the laser light in the optical fiber; a second detector that detects light from a subject and outputs a detection signal; a first calculator that calculates an optical coupling ratio between the laser element and the optical fiber on the basis of the guided light amount; a second calculator that calculates a degradation ratio of the laser element on the basis of the guided light amount; a first adjuster that adjusts the magnitude of the detection signal on the basis of the optical coupling ratio; and a second adjuster that adjusts the output light amount of the laser light from the laser element on the basis of the degradation ratio.

Abstract: A scanning-type image acquisition device includes: drivers that respectively vibrate in an x direction and a y direction that are perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of an optical fiber that guides illumination light from a light source and cause a tip of the optical fiber to be spirally scanned on a subject; a drive-signal generating circuit that generates drive signals for driving the drive units; an adjustment section that adjusts the drive signals generated by the drive-signal generating circuit and generates position reference data; a photodetector that detects scattered light of the illumination light at each scanning position of an illumination light spot on the subject due to the drivers; and an image generating circuit that generates an image by arranging intensity values of the scattered light detected by the photodetector in pixels in accordance with the position reference data output from the adjustment section.

Abstract: A processing device includes an instruction control unit configured to issue an instruction, an operation unit configured to perform a floating-point operation in accordance with an instruction issued from the instruction control unit, a detection unit configured to detect a subnormal number from data related to the floating-point operation performed in the operation unit, and a processing unit configured to process the data in a case in which a subnormal number is included in the data. When committing the instruction, in a case in which a subnormal number was detected by the detection unit from the data related to the floating-point operation performed in accordance with the instruction, the instruction control unit transits to a subnormal processing mode for processing a subnormal number, instructs the operation unit to re-execute the instruction, and instructs the processing unit to process the detected subnormal number.

Abstract: An optical scanning observation apparatus includes a laser light source driver configured to emit pulsed laser light of different wavelengths sequentially from a plurality of laser light sources, a scanning unit, a laser light detector, an image processor, and a controller configured to control the laser light source driver so that a detection signal obtained by irradiation of the pulsed laser light of one wavelength and outputted from the laser light detector does not have a detection signal generated by irradiation of the pulsed laser light of a different wavelength substantially mixed therein.

Abstract: A light-scanning endoscope is provided with: a light-scanner that causes an optical fiber to be vibrated; a controller that causes light to be emitted from the optical fiber with the same phase as the vibrations; an adjusting unit that adjusts a distortion correction amount on the basis of a shape of a row of irradiation positions of the light on an imaging subject; and a phase correcting unit that corrects the phase in which the light is emitted on the basis of the adjusted distortion correction amount.

Abstract: An optical-scanning observation device including: a laser output unit that outputs a laser beam; a light scanner that radiates the laser beam on an object while scanning; a light detector that detects reflected light of the laser beam; and a controller that sets a detection delay time on the basis of a propagation delay time from when the laser beam is output from the laser output unit to when the reflected light is detected by the light detector and that controls the laser output unit and the light detector such that the light detector detects the reflected light after the detection delay time has elapsed since the laser beam is output from the laser output unit.

Abstract: This method is for calibrating an optical scanning apparatus that includes an optical fiber with a tip supported to allow vibration and an actuator that drives the tip of the optical fiber in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the optical fiber. The method includes arranging a position sensitive detector that detects a position of emitted light from the tip of the optical fiber (step S02) and detecting the position of the emitted light with the position sensitive detector while supplying light to the optical fiber and driving the tip of the optical fiber (step S03). The step of detecting (step S03) is performed using an interference fringe reducer that reduces interference fringes occurring along an optical path reaching the position sensitive detector.

Abstract: Color information with higher sensitivity than color information in a primary color system is detected. A laser scanning observation apparatus includes at least three light sources, a multiplexer, and a controller. The at least three light sources emit pulsed laser light with different wavelengths within the visible light spectrum. The multiplexer combines the laser light emitted from the at least three light sources. The controller causes different combinations of two light sources among the at least three light sources to emit laser light in sequence and periodically.

Abstract: To shorten the length of a lead, alleviate physical burden on a patient in installation of a device into a body, and miniaturize the device while allowing both treatment based on cardiac stimulation and nerve stimulation.