Abstract: An extraction unit extracts predetermined information from an outer header and an inner header of a tunneled packet passing through a network device in which congestion has occurred. An evaluation unit evaluates an order in which fine grain flows in a tunnel subdivided with reference to the extracted predetermined information are subject to TE, based on attribute information of the fine grain flows.

Abstract: A design apparatus optimizes, with a first granularity (for example, a real number solution), a traffic volume allocated to each of links between adjacent nodes included in a network. In addition, the design apparatus calculates an approximation solution obtained by approximating, with a second granularity (for example, an integer solution), the traffic volume having been optimized with the first granularity. Furthermore, the design apparatus maps logical paths to each of routes constituted by the links in accordance with the approximated traffic volume.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus includes a fixing belt, a steering roller, a pressure rotation member, and a contact-separation mechanism. The contact-separation mechanism moves the pressure rotation member to a position where the pressure rotation member is in a contact state with the fixing belt and a position where the pressure rotation member is in a separated state from the fixing belt. Swing of the steering roller is controlled so that the fixing belt moves to a predetermined position in a fixing belt width direction. A distance between a center position of the fixing belt in tilting the steering roller for a first time after the center position is separated from a center position of a range of movement of the fixing belt and the center position of the range of movement of the fixing belt in the width direction is smaller in the separated state than in the contact state.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus includes a fixing belt, a steering roller, a pressure rotation member, and a contact-separation mechanism. The contact-separation mechanism moves the pressure rotation member to a position where the pressure rotation member is in a contact state with the fixing belt and a position where the pressure rotation member is in a separated state from the fixing belt. Swing of the steering roller is controlled so that the fixing belt moves to a predetermined position in a fixing belt width direction. A distance between a center position of the fixing belt in tilting the steering roller for a first time after the center position is separated from a center position of a range of movement of the fixing belt and the center position of the range of movement of the fixing belt in the width direction is smaller in the separated state than in the contact state.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus includes a fixing belt, a steering roller, a pressure rotation member, and a contact-separation mechanism. The contact-separation mechanism moves the pressure rotation member to a position where the pressure rotation member is in a contact state with the fixing belt and a position where the pressure rotation member is in a separated state from the fixing belt. Swing of the steering roller is controlled so that the fixing belt moves to a predetermined position in a fixing belt width direction. A distance between a center position of the fixing belt in tilting the steering roller for a first time after the center position is separated from a center position of a range of movement of the fixing belt and the center position of the range of movement of the fixing belt in the width direction is smaller in the separated state than in the contact state.

Abstract: The image forming member has a frame member which forms the image forming member, the frame member including: a first support member, the first support member having a first member and a second member which is attached to the first member, a part of the second member being outside of the first member in a longitudinal direction of the first support member, a second plate member being fixed to a first plate member so that a length of the first support member in a longitudinal direction becomes a predetermined length; a second support member which is fastened to the first plate member by welding; and a third support member which is fastened to the second plate member by welding. Thereby, the image forming member can form images with high accuracy.

Abstract: A frame for forming an image forming apparatus for forming an image on a recording material includes a first stay, including a supporting portion for supporting the frame relative to an installation surface, for forming a bottom of the frame; a second stay, including a supporting portion for supporting the frame relative to the installation surface, for forming the bottom of the frame; a post to which the first stay and the second stay are secured; and a positioning portion, provided as a part of the post, for positioning the first stay and the second stay with respect to a horizontal plane direction. The first stay and the second stay are fixed to the post by welding.

Abstract: The image forming member has a frame member which forms the image forming member, the frame member including: a first support member, the first support member having a first member and a second member which is attached to the first member, a part of the second member being outside of the first member in a longitudinal direction of the first support member, a second plate member being fixed to a first plate member so that a length of the first support member in a longitudinal direction becomes a predetermined length; a second support member which is fastened to the first plate member by welding; and a third support member which is fastened to the second plate member by welding. Thereby, the image forming member can form images with high accuracy.

Abstract: A frame for forming an image forming apparatus for forming an image on a recording material includes a first stay, including a supporting portion for supporting the frame relative to an installation surface, for forming a bottom of the frame; a second stay, including a supporting portion for supporting the frame relative to the installation surface, for forming the bottom of the frame; a post to which the first stay and the second stay are secured; and a positioning portion, provided as a part of the post, for positioning the first stay and the second stay with respect to a horizontal plane direction. The first stay and the second stay are fixed to the post by welding.

Abstract: A frame for forming an image forming apparatus for forming an image on a recording material includes a first stay, including a supporting portion for supporting the frame relative to an installation surface, for forming a bottom of the frame; a second stay, including a supporting portion for supporting the frame relative to the installation surface, for forming the bottom of the frame; a post to which the first stay and the second stay are secured; and a positioning portion, provided as a part of the post, for positioning the first stay and the second stay with respect to a horizontal plane direction. The first stay and the second stay are fixed to the post by welding.

Abstract: The image forming member has a frame member which forms the image forming member, the frame member including: a first support member, the first support member having a first member and a second member which is attached to the first member, a part of the second member being outside of the first member in a longitudinal direction of the first support member, a second plate member being fixed to a first plate member so that a length of the first support member in a longitudinal direction becomes a predetermined length; a second support member which is fastened to the first plate member by welding; and a third support member which is fastened to the second plate member by welding. Thereby, the image forming member can form images with high accuracy.

Abstract: The image forming member has a frame member which forms the image forming member, the frame member including: a first support member, the first support member having a first member and a second member which is attached to the first member, a part of the second member being outside of the first member in a longitudinal direction of the first support member, a second plate member being fixed to a first plate member so that a length of the first support member in a longitudinal direction becomes a predetermined length; a second support member which is fastened to the first plate member by welding; and a third support member which is fastened to the second plate member by welding. Thereby, the image forming member can form images with high accuracy.

Abstract: A frame for forming an image forming apparatus for forming an image on a recording material includes a first stay, including a supporting portion for supporting the frame relative to an installation surface, for forming a bottom of the frame; a second stay, including a supporting portion for supporting the frame relative to the installation surface, for forming the bottom of the frame; a post to which the first stay and the second stay are secured; and a positioning portion, provided as a part of the post, for positioning the first stay and the second stay with respect to a horizontal plane direction. The first stay and the second stay are fixed to the post by welding.

Abstract: A belt driving apparatus is configured so as to satisfy a relationship ?1(2T sin(?1/2)+f1)<?2(2T sin(?2/2)+f2), wherein ?1 is a dynamic friction coefficient between the supporting roller and the endless belt, ?2 is a dynamic friction coefficient between the steering roller and the endless belt, ?1 is a winding angle of the endless belt with respect to the supporting roller, ?2 is a winding angle of the endless belt with respect to the steering roller, f1 is the first external force applied to the supporting roller through the endless belt, f2 is the second external force applied to the steering roller through the endless, and T is a tension force applied to the endless belt by the tension roller.

Abstract: Representative configurations of a cleaning apparatus, a process cartridge and an image forming apparatus according to the present invention includes: a cleaning blade which abuts on a photosensitive drum which bears a toner image, and which removes toner which remains on the photosensitive drum; compression springs which are compressed to pressurize the cleaning blade against the photosensitive drum; and spring attaching portions which regulate phases of compression springs such that positions of the compression springs in a circumferential direction are at predetermined phase positions when the compression springs are attached.

Abstract: A belt driving apparatus is configured so as to satisfy a relationship ?1(2T sin(?1/2)+f1)<?2(2T sin(?2/2)+f2), wherein ?1 is a dynamic friction coefficient between the supporting roller and the endless belt, ?2 is a dynamic friction coefficient between the steering roller and the endless belt, ?1 is a winding angle of the endless belt with respect to the supporting roller, ?2 is a winding angle of the endless belt with respect to the steering roller, f1 is the first external force applied to the supporting roller through the endless belt, f2 is the second external force applied to the steering roller through the endless, and T is a tension force applied to the endless belt by the tension roller.

Abstract: Provided is an image forming apparatus including: an image carrying unit on which a toner image is carried; a transfer unit that transfers a toner image carried by the image carrying unit onto a sheet at a transferring position; a sheet conveyor unit that conveys the sheet having the toner image transferred thereto by the transfer unit; a suction device that sucks the sheet to the sheet conveyor unit; and a controller that stops or reduces a sucking operation of the suction device where the toner image carried by the image carrying unit passes the transferring position without being transferred onto the sheet.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a plurality of image bearing members, a plurality of primary transferring devices, an intermediary transfer unit, a secondary transfer portion, a detecting member, an adjusting device, an openable member, a guiding mechanism, and a retracting mechanism.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a shaft rotatably supporting a supporting member on a supporting unit to allow switching while maintaining the supporting unit, between a first state in which first and second members contact an intermediary transfer belt in a first image forming mode, and a second state in which the first transfer member contacts the belt and the second transfer member is spaced from the belt, in a second image forming mode. The supporting shaft is disposed in a range which is downstream of a central portion of the first transfer member which is disposed downstreammost with respect to a moving direction of the belt and which is remote from a surface of the belt beyond a plane including the central portion of the first transfer member and parallel with a surface of the belt facing the first transfer member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a plurality of image bearing members; a plurality of primary transferring devices for transferring toner images from the image bearing member onto an intermediary transfer belt provided above the plurality of image bearing members; an intermediary transfer unit including the intermediary transfer belt; a secondary transfer portion for transferring the toner image from the intermediary transfer belt onto a recording material; a feeding path for feeding the recording material upwardly toward the secondary transfer portion; a detecting member for detecting the toner image formed on the intermediary transfer belt; an adjusting device for adjusting a condition under which the image is formed on the image bearing member on the basis of a result of detection of the detecting member; an openable member for opening the feeding path; a guiding mechanism for guiding draw of the intermediary transfer unit toward the feeding path when the openable member opens; and a retracting mechanis