Abstract: The first region (RG1) contains a first organic material and a metal compound (a compound containing a metal element). The second region (RG2) contains the first organic material and the metal compound. The average intensity of the SIMS profile of the metal element in the second region (RG2) can be lower than the average intensity of the SIMS profile of the metal element in the first region (RG1). Specifically, the average intensity of the SIMS profile of the metal element in the second region (RG2) can be lower than 10%, preferably lower than 1.0%, of the average intensity of the SIMS profile of the metal element in the first region (RG1).

Abstract: The first region (RG1) contains a first organic material and a metal compound (a compound containing a metal element). The second region (RG2) contains the first organic material and the metal compound. The average intensity of the SIMS profile of the metal element in the second region (RG2) can be lower than the average intensity of the SIMS profile of the metal element in the first region (RG1). Specifically, the average intensity of the SIMS profile of the metal element in the second region (RG2) can be lower than 10%, preferably lower than 1.0%, of the average intensity of the SIMS profile of the metal element in the first region (RG1).

Abstract: Provided is a practically useful organic EL element having high efficiency and high driving stability while being capable of being driven at a low voltage. The organic EL element has a light-emitting layer and any other organic layer between an anode and a cathode opposite to each other. The light-emitting layer contains at least two host materials and at least one light-emitting dopant. At least one of the host materials is a host material selected from compounds each having one or two indolocarbazole skeletons, and at least one of the other host materials is a host material selected from carbazole compounds each substituted with a dibenzofuran or a dibenzothiophene.

Abstract: Provided is a practically useful organic electroluminescent device (organic EL device) having high efficiency and high driving stability while being capable of being driven at a low voltage. The organic electroluminescent device includes a light-emitting layer between an anode and a cathode opposite to each other. The light-emitting layer contains two host materials and at least one light-emitting dopant. One of the two host materials is a host material selected from an indolocarbazole compound having one indolocarbazole ring and an indolocarbazole compound having two indolocarbazole rings, and the other thereof is a host material selected from carbazole compounds.

Abstract: A second electrode (130) is superimposed on a first electrode (110). An organic layer (120) is positioned between the first electrode (110) and the second electrode (130). Furthermore, the organic layer (120) includes a light emitting layer (123). Furthermore, the organic layer (120) includes an alkali-containing layer (which is an electron transporting layer (125) in an example in the present drawing, and is hereinafter described as the electron transporting layer (125)) between the light emitting layer (123) and the second electrode (130). The electron transporting layer (125) includes an alkali metal. In the electron transporting layer (125), a content of the alkali metal as an elemental substance is greater than the content of a compound of the alkali metal.

Abstract: A second electrode (130) is superimposed on a first electrode (110). An organic layer (120) is positioned between the first electrode (110) and the second electrode (130). Furthermore, the organic layer (120) includes a light emitting layer (123). Furthermore, the organic layer (120) includes an alkali-containing layer (which is an electron transporting layer (125) in an example in the present drawing, and is hereinafter described as the electron transporting layer (125)) between the light emitting layer (123) and the second electrode (130). The electron transporting layer (125) includes an alkali metal. In the electron transporting layer (125), a content of the alkali metal as an elemental substance is greater than the content of a compound of the alkali metal.

Abstract: A second electrode (130) is superimposed on a first electrode (110). An organic layer (120) is positioned between the first electrode (110) and the second electrode (130). Furthermore, the organic layer (120) includes a light emitting layer (123). Furthermore, the organic layer (120) includes an alkali-containing layer (which is an electron transporting layer (125) in an example in the present drawing, and is hereinafter described as the electron transporting layer (125)) between the light emitting layer (123) and the second electrode (130). The electron transporting layer (125) includes an alkali metal. In the electron transporting layer (125), a content of the alkali metal as an elemental substance is greater than the content of a compound of the alkali metal.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes: a plurality of light emission units that respectively emit lights in luminescent colors different from each other; and a control unit that controls in luminance the respective light, which are emitted from said plurality of light emission units, for the respective luminescent colors. In response to a control input, said control unit switches between a first light emission mode that it makes said light emission units emit light with luminance set for the respective luminescent colors and a second light emission mode that makes it light emission units corresponding to at least one luminescent color turn off or emit light with luminance lower than the luminance in the first light emission mode.

Abstract: Provided is a practically useful organic EL element having high efficiency and high driving stability while being capable of being driven at a low voltage. The organic EL element has a light-emitting layer and any other organic layer between an anode and a cathode opposite to each other. The light-emitting layer contains at least two host materials and at least one light-emitting dopant. At least one of the host materials is a host material selected from compounds each having one or two indolocarbazole skeletons, and at least one of the other host materials is a host material selected from carbazole compounds each substituted with a dibenzofuran or a dibenzothiophene.

Abstract: Provided is a practically useful organic electroluminescent device (organic EL device) having high efficiency and high driving stability while being capable of being driven at a low voltage. The organic electroluminescent device includes a light-emitting layer between an anode and a cathode opposite to each other. The light-emitting layer contains two host materials and at least one light-emitting dopant. One of the two host materials is a host material selected from an indolocarbazole compound having one indolocarbazole ring and an indolocarbazole compound having two indolocarbazole rings, and the other thereof is a host material selected from carbazole compounds.

Abstract: A straight tube light-emitting lamp includes: a pipe-shaped transparent tube; an organic EL tubular illuminant disposed inside the pipe-shaped transparent tube so as to surround a center axis of the pipe-shaped transparent tube; a battery box disposed at an inner side than the tubular illuminant for housing a battery; and a wiring circuit for supplying an output voltage of the battery housed in the battery box to the tubular illuminant.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus includes: a plurality of light emission units that respectively emit lights in luminescent colors different from each other; and a control unit that controls in luminance the respective light, which are emitted from said plurality of light emission units, for the respective luminescent colors. In response to a control input, said control unit switches between a first light emission mode that it makes said light emission units emit light with luminance set for the respective luminescent colors and a second light emission mode that makes it light emission units corresponding to at least one luminescent color turn off or emit light with luminance lower than the luminance in the first light emission mode.