Abstract: A lighting device (1) according to an aspect of the invention includes a lighting unit (10); and a mounting unit (11) for mounting the lighting unit (10) to a window frame (109), in which the lighting unit (10) includes a lighting sheet (12) and a frame (13) supporting a peripheral portion of the lighting sheet (12), in which the lighting sheet (12) includes a base material having optical transparency, a plurality of lighting portions having optical transparency which are provided in a first surface of the base material, and a void portion which is provided between the plurality of lighting portions, and in which a part of the side surface of the lighting portion facing the void portion serves as a reflecting surface reflecting light which is incident to the lighting portion.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device according to one aspect of the present invention includes a liquid crystal panel of a vertical alignment mode, and an optical control member disposed on a light-exiting side of the liquid crystal panel. The liquid crystal panel includes a plurality of pixels having at least two domains (50a, 50b), in which directors of liquid crystal molecules are in a first direction. An absorption axis of a first polarizing sheet and an absorption axis of a second polarizing sheet are a mutually orthogonal and form angle that is approximately 45°. The optical control member includes a base, a light diffusion part, a light blocking layer and a low refractive index part.

Abstract: This light-diffusing member includes a light-transmissive substrate, a plurality of wavelength-controlling layers formed on one surface of the light-transmissive substrate, and a light-diffusing portion formed on the one surface of the light-transmissive substrate in a region other than a region where the wavelength-controlling layers are formed.

Abstract: A daylighting film (1) according to one aspect of the present invention includes a base member (10) having optical transparency, first projections (11) having optical transparency and formed on an inner surface (10a) of the base member (10), a second projection (12) formed on the inner surface (10a) and having a height from the inner surface (10a) higher than a height of the first projections (11), a protective base member (13) arranged in an opposite relation to the inner surface (10a) of the base member (10), a bonding layer (14) for bonding the second projection (12) and the protective base member (13), and gaps (15) defined between the first projections (11) and between the first projection (11) and the second projection (12), wherein the first projections (11) include reflective surfaces (11c2) at which light incoming from an outer surface (13b) side of the protective base member (13) or the base member (10) is totally reflected.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal device including: a liquid crystal panel including a first substrate having a first vertical alignment film, a second substrate having a second vertical alignment film, a liquid crystal layer which is interposed between the first vertical alignment film and the second vertical alignment film and has a negative dielectric anisotropy, a first polarizing plate that is disposed on a light-incident side of the liquid crystal layer, and a second polarizing plate that is disposed on a light-emitting side of the liquid crystal layer; an illuminating device which is disposed on a light-incident side of the liquid crystal panel, and emits light toward the liquid crystal panel; and a light control member which is disposed on a light-emitting side of the liquid crystal panel, and diffuses light that is emitted from the liquid crystal panel in an azimuth angle direction and a polar angle direction viewed from a normal direction of the liquid crystal panel to control an emission direction of th

Abstract: A cleaning solution is used, in a transparent antireflective structure that has, on one surface thereof, a plurality of convexities formed at a period equal to or shorter than wavelength in a visible light range, and that prevents, at the one surface, reflection of light entering the one surface, to clean a concavity defining a region between adjacent two of the plural convexities, the cleaning solution having a pH of 10.00 or more.

Abstract: A lighting device (1) according to an aspect of the invention includes a lighting unit (10); and a mounting unit (11) for mounting the lighting unit (10) to a window frame (109), in which the lighting unit (10) includes a lighting sheet (12) and a frame (13) supporting a peripheral portion of the lighting sheet (12), in which the lighting sheet (12) includes a base material having optical transparency, a plurality of lighting portions having optical transparency which are provided in a first surface of the base material, and a void portion which is provided between the plurality of lighting portions, and in which a part of the side surface of the lighting portion facing the void portion serves as a reflecting surface reflecting light which is incident to the lighting portion.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device according to one aspect of the present invention includes a liquid crystal panel of a vertical alignment mode, and an optical control member disposed on a light-exiting side of the liquid crystal panel. The liquid crystal panel includes a plurality of pixels having at least two domains (50a, 50b), in which directors of liquid crystal molecules are in a first direction. An absorption axis of a first polarizing sheet and an absorption axis of a second polarizing sheet are a mutually orthogonal and form angle that is approximately 45°. The optical control member includes a base, a light diffusion part, a light blocking layer and a low refractive index part.

Abstract: A daylighting film (1) according to one aspect of the present invention includes a base member (10) having optical transparency, first projections (11) having optical transparency and formed on an inner surface (10a) of the base member (10), a second projection (12) formed on the inner surface (10a) and having a height from the inner surface (10a) higher than a height of the first projections (11), a protective base member (13) arranged in an opposite relation to the inner surface (10a) of the base member (10), a bonding layer (14) for bonding the second projection (12) and the protective base member (13), and gaps (15) defined between the first projections (11) and between the first projection (11) and the second projection (12), wherein the first projections (11) include reflective surfaces (11c2) at which light incoming from an outer surface (13b) side of the protective base member (13) or the base member (10) is totally reflected.

Abstract: A solar cell (1) of the present invention includes a photoelectric conversion layer (2) and a photonic crystal provided inside the photoelectric conversion layer (2) in order to have a photonic band gap. The photonic crystal has defects (31) in order to provide a defect level in the photonic band gap. QV which is a Q value representing a magnitude of a resonance effect yielded by coupling between the photonic crystal and an outside is substantially equal to Q? which is a Q value representing a magnitude of a resonance effect yielded by a medium of the photoelectric conversion layer (2).

Abstract: This light-diffusing member includes a light-transmissive substrate, a plurality of wavelength-controlling layers formed on one surface of the light-transmissive substrate, and a light-diffusing portion formed on the one surface of the light-transmissive substrate in a region other than a region where the wavelength-controlling layers are formed.

Abstract: A cleaning solution is used, in a transparent antireflective structure that has, on one surface thereof, a plurality of convexities formed at a period equal to or shorter than wavelength in a visible light range, and that prevents, at the one surface, reflection of light entering the one surface, to clean a concavity defining a region between adjacent two of the plural convexities, the cleaning solution having a pH of 10.00 or more.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal device including: a liquid crystal panel including a first substrate having a first vertical alignment film, a second substrate having a second vertical alignment film, a liquid crystal layer which is interposed between the first vertical alignment film and the second vertical alignment film and has a negative dielectric anisotropy, a first polarizing plate that is disposed on a light-incident side of the liquid crystal layer, and a second polarizing plate that is disposed on a light-emitting side of the liquid crystal layer; an illuminating device which is disposed on a light-incident side of the liquid crystal panel, and emits light toward the liquid crystal panel; and a light control member which is disposed on a light-emitting side of the liquid crystal panel, and diffuses light that is emitted from the liquid crystal panel in an azimuth angle direction and a polar angle direction viewed from a normal direction of the liquid crystal panel to control an emission direction of th

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion element (1) of the present invention includes: a photoelectric conversion layer (2); and a photonic crystal provided inside the photoelectric conversion layer (2) to provide a photonic band gap, the photonic crystal being designed such that nanorods (30) whose refraction index is smaller than that of a medium of the photoelectric conversion layer (2) are provided periodically inside the photoelectric conversion layer (2), and there are provided defects (31) to provide a defect level in the photonic band gap, when a wavelength of a resonance peak corresponding to the defect level is ?, the nanorods (30) are provided two-dimensionally with a pitch of not less than ?/7 and not more than ?/2, and a coefficient ?V indicative of strength of coupling between the photonic crystal and the outside is substantially equal to a coefficient ? of absorption of light by the photoelectric conversion layer (2).

Abstract: A solar cell (1) of the present invention includes a photoelectric conversion layer (2) and a photonic crystal provided inside the photoelectric conversion layer (2) in order to have a photonic band gap. The photonic crystal has defects (31) in order to provide a defect level in the photonic band gap. QV which is a Q value representing a magnitude of a resonance effect yielded by coupling between the photonic crystal and an outside is substantially equal to Q? which is a Q value representing a magnitude of a resonance effect yielded by a medium of the photoelectric conversion layer (2).

Abstract: A photoelectric transducer (10) including: a semiconductor layer (13); and a photonic crystal (21) formed inside the semiconductor layer, the photonic crystal being formed by providing nanorods (19) inside the semiconductor layer, each of the nanorods having a refractive index lower than that of a medium of the semiconductor layer, the nanorods being provided two-dimensionally and periodically at a pitch of not less than ?/4 nor more than ?, where ? is a wavelength of a peak of resonance caused by the photonic crystal, the photoelectric transducer satisfying the following formula: 0.2QV?Q??5.