Abstract: Disclosed is a multi junction bottom emitting vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VC SEL) including: an electrical n-contact layer; a semiconductor substrate disposed on the electrical n-contact layer; an etch-stop layer disposed on the semiconductor substrate; a n-type semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector (nDBR) including a first plurality of layers of semiconductor material disposed on the etch-stop layer; a laser cavity having a plurality of active region disposed on the nDBR; a hybrid metal-semiconductor reflector disposed on the laser cavity; wherein the hybrid metal-semiconductor reflector is a p-type semiconductor distributed Bragg reflector (pDBR) including a second plurality of layers of semiconductor material, a phase matching layer disposed on the pDBR and a metallic reflector disposed on the phase matching layer; and an electrical p-contact layer formed on the hybrid metal-semiconductor reflector.

Abstract: A vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, comprising a substrate, wherein bottom n-type DBR mirror, first oxidation confinement layer, n-type guide spacer layer, active region layer, p-type guide spacer layer, second oxidation confinement layer, first spacer layer, third oxidation confinement layer second spacer layer, fourth oxidation confinement layer, third spacer layer, fifth oxidation confinement layer, fourth spacer layer, sixth oxidation confinement layer, fifth spacer layer, seventh oxidation confinement layer, sixth spacer layer, eighth oxidation confinement layer, top p-type DBR mirror, p-type contact layer and p-side electrode are successively stacked on the substrate; and a back surface of the substrate is provided with an n-side electrode.

Abstract: A system and a method for quantum key distribution between a transmitter and a receiver over wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) link are disclosed. The method includes providing one or more quantum channels and one or more conventional channels over the WDM link; assigning a different wavelength to each of the one or more quantum channels and each of the one or more conventional channels; transmitting single photon signals on each of the one or more quantum channels; and transmitting data on each of the one or more conventional channels. The data comprises either conventional data or trigger signals for synchronizing the transmission of the single photon signals on the quantum channels. All channels have wavelengths around 1550 nm. The WDM link can be a 3-channel WDM link comprising two quantum channels for transmitting single photon signals and one conventional channel for transmitting conventional data or triggering signals.

Abstract: A system and a method for quantum key distribution between a transmitter and a receiver over wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) link are disclosed. The method includes providing one or more quantum channels and one or more conventional channels over the WDM link; assigning a different wavelength to each of the one or more quantum channels and each of the one or more conventional channels; transmitting single photon signals on each of the one or more quantum channels; and transmitting data on each of the one or more conventional channels. The data comprises either conventional data or trigger signals for synchronizing the transmission of the single photon signals on the quantum channels. All channels have wavelengths around 1550 nm. The WDM link can be a 3-channel WDM link comprising two quantum channels for transmitting single photon signals and one conventional channel for transmitting conventional data or triggering signals.

Abstract: A system and a method for quantum key distribution over a multi-user wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network are disclosed. The system comprises a tunable or multi-wavelength transmitter; a plurality of receivers, each assigned a receiving-wavelength; and a multi-user WDM network linking the transmitter to the receivers. The transmitter can select a receiver among the receivers to be communicated therewith and transmit quantum signals to the selected receiver over the WDM network. The quantum signals are at a wavelength equal to a receiving-wavelength of the receiver. Therefore the WDM network allows quantum signals to be communicated between the transmitter and the receivers by wavelength routing.

Abstract: A system and a method for quantum key distribution between a transmitter and a receiver over wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) link are disclosed. The method includes providing one or more quantum channels and one or more conventional channels over the WDM link; assigning a different wavelength to each of the one or more quantum channels and each of the one or more conventional channels; transmitting single photon signals on each of the one or more quantum channels; and transmitting data on each of the one or more conventional channels. The data comprises either conventional data or trigger signals for synchronizing the transmission of the single photon signals on the quantum channels. All channels have wavelengths around 1550 nm. The WDM link can be a 3-channel WDM link comprising two quantum channels for transmitting single photon signals and one conventional channel for transmitting conventional data or triggering signals.

Abstract: A system and a method for quantum key distribution between a transmitter and a receiver over wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) link are disclosed. The method includes providing one or more quantum channels and one or more conventional channels over the WDM link; assigning a different wavelength to each of the one or more quantum channels and each of the one or more conventional channels; transmitting single photon signals on each of the one or more quantum channels; and transmitting data on each of the one or more conventional channels. The data comprises either conventional data or trigger signals for synchronizing the transmission of the single photon signals on the quantum channels. All channels have wavelengths around 1550 nm. The WDM link can be a 3-channel WDM link comprising two quantum channels for transmitting single photon signals and one conventional channel for transmitting conventional data or triggering signals.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method of video coding conversion, which includes: decoding a video frame of the first coding mode into an image of standard intermediate format while determining whether the video frame is a reference frame or prediction frame and recording the recognition result; coding the image of standard intermediate format into a video frame of the second coding mode. The present invention also discloses a video coding conversion device using the method. By using the method and device for video coding conversion in accordance with the present invention, it can be implemented to recode the images based on the types of the video frames of the original coding mode during video coding conversion so as to avoid image errors caused by recoding large numbers of prediction frames of the original coding mode into reference frames of the new coding mode, therefore the video image quality after recoding is greatly improved.

Abstract: A system and a method for quantum key distribution between a transmitter and a receiver over wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) link are disclosed. The method includes providing one or more quantum channels and one or more conventional channels over the WDM link; assigning a different wavelength to each of the one or more quantum channels and each of the one or more conventional channels; transmitting single photon signals on each of the one or more quantum channels; and transmitting data on each of the one or more conventional channels. The data comprises either conventional data or trigger signals for synchronizing the transmission of the single photon signals on the quantum channels. All channels have wavelengths around 1550 nm. The WDM link can be a 3-channel WDM link comprising two quantum channels for transmitting single photon signals and one conventional channel for transmitting conventional data or triggering signals.

Abstract: A system and a method for quantum key distribution over a multi-user wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network are disclosed. The system comprises a tunable or multi-wavelength transmitter; a plurality of receivers, each assigned a receiving-wavelength; and a multi-user WDM network linking the transmitter to the receivers. The transmitter can select a receiver among the receivers to be communicated therewith and transmit quantum signals to the selected receiver over the WDM network. The quantum signals are at a wavelength equal to a receiving-wavelength of the receiver. Therefore the WDM network allows quantum signals to be communicated between the transmitter and the receivers by wavelength routing.

Abstract: Disclosed is an all-fiber optical quantum random number generator, an optical coupler having an input port and two output ports; a single photon source connected to the input port, emitting a single photon which is transmitted from the input port to the output ports; a single photon detector connected to each of the two output ports, detecting the photon coming out from either of the output ports; and means for generating random numbers according to the detection result of the single photon detector. The generator of the invention can generate truly random numbers.