Abstract: A magnetic toner having a specific surface area of not more than 3.0 m.sup.2 /g computed by the Brunauer Emmett Teller equation and the number of molecules of CO.sub.2 gas, being equal to 100/nm.sup.2 to 1000/nm.sup.2, adsorbed by the toner is provided. The triboelectrification of magnetic toner particles of the magnetic toner is uniformed by adjusting the magnetic toner using an impact force so that the specific surface area of the magnetic toner and the number of molecules of CO.sub.2 gas adsorbed by the toner are presented in the range described above.

Abstract: An electrostatic developer comprising a mixture of an electrically conductive magnetic toner and an insulating nonmagnetic toner, which can give excellent, fogging-free images having sufficient image density in a wide range of the electrically conductive magnetic toner/insulating nonmagnetic toner mixing ratio when used with a low-potential developing system. The electrically conductive magnetic toner is a toner which is formed by attaching or fixing a frictionally chargeable substance which is chargeable to have a polarity reverse to the polarity of the insulating nonmagnetic toner, to a surface of a main electrically conductive magnetic toner component containing 30 to 70% by weight of a magnetic powder and which has a volume specific resistance of 1.times.10.sup.3 .OMEGA..

Abstract: A transfer method for electrophotography uses a two-component developer including a magnetic carrier and a magnetic toner. The toner is transferred to a recording sheet while holding the magnetic carrier on a surface of a developer-holding body with a magnetic member which is capable of magnetic adsorption. The magnetic member is disposed in an interior of, or on an inner surface of, the developer-holding body, at a location corresponding to a location at an outer surface of the developer-holding body past which the recording sheet is fed. Due to the magnetic member, the magnetic carrier is not at all transferred to the recording sheet, and an excellent image can be obtained.

Abstract: A toner is disclosed for developing a static image, comprising an electrically conductive magnetic toner and an electrically insulating non-magnetic toner. The electrically conductive magnetic toner contains magnetic powder and has a coloring agent attached thereto, and a volumetric resistivity of 1.times.10.sup.3 .OMEGA..multidot.cm or lower, and the electrically insulating non-magnetic has a coloring agent attached thereto, and a volumetric resistivity of 1.times.10.sup.9 .OMEGA..multidot.cm or higher.

Abstract: A conductive magnetic toner including a magnetic powder having a specific resistance of not more than 1.times.10.sup.6 .OMEGA..cm in the amount of from 40% by weight to 60% by weight and a carbon black having a specific surface area of 800 m.sup.2 /g to 1500 m.sup.2 /g and an oil absorption of dibutyl phthalate of not less than 200 cc/100 g in the amount of from 8% by weight to 15% by weight is provided.