Abstract: A power supply system includes a coupling device including a power conversion device, and one or more power supply units. Each of the power supply units includes a distributed power supply, a first interface outputting DC power to the power conversion device, an individual converter converting the DC power to AC power, and a second interface outputting the AC power output from the individual converter. The power conversion device includes a coupling side converter that converts the direct current power output from the power supply units to AC power, and an interface for outputting the AC power output from the coupling side converter. The power supply system includes a controller for controlling at least one of a corresponding one of the power supply units or the power conversion device based on communication information obtained by communication between the corresponding one of the power supply units or the power conversion device.

Abstract: A power supply system includes a coupling device including a power conversion device, and one or more power supply units. Each of the power supply units includes a distributed power supply, a first interface outputting DC power to the power conversion device, an individual converter converting the DC power to AC power, and a second interface outputting the AC power output from the individual converter. The power conversion device includes a coupling side converter that converts the direct current power output from the power supply units to AC power, and an interface for outputting the AC power output from the coupling side converter. The power supply system includes a controller for controlling at least one of a corresponding one of the power supply units or the power conversion device based on communication information obtained by communication between the corresponding one of the power supply units or the power conversion device.

Abstract: A power management system includes a first receiver for receiving information specifying reverse power flow from a base power meter measuring at least the reverse power flow output from a facility to a power grid, a second receiver for receiving information specifying each of individual output powers of two or more adjustment power supplies provided in the facility, and a controller for specifying each of individual reverse power flows of the two or more adjustment power supplies managed as the reverse power flow. The controller specifies individual reverse power flows of the two or more adjustment power supplies, by executing a correction process of correcting a discrepancy between a sum of the individual output powers of the two or more adjustment power supplies and the reverse power flow based on the individual output powers of the two or more adjustment power supplies.

Abstract: A power management system includes a facility including an adjustment power supply to which feed-in tariff is applied. The power management system includes an equipment management apparatus that manages the adjustment power supply, and a power management server that manages a reverse power flow output from the facility to a power grid. The equipment management apparatus includes a transmitter transmitting, to the power management server, a message including an information element with which an expiration timing of a period to which the feed-in tariff is applied is allowed to be specified.

Abstract: A power control apparatus according to the present disclosure includes a first interconnection relay and a second interconnection relay configured to interconnect or parallel off an inverter to or from a power grid, a reference potential relay configured to set a neutral phase of an independent operation output system to a reference potential, voltage sensors respectively installed between the first interconnection relay and the inverter and between the first interconnection relay and the power grid, voltage sensors respectively installed between the second interconnection relay and the inverter and between the second interconnection relay and the power grid, and a controller configured to turn the reference potential relay on to set the neutral phase to the reference potential and then to judge whether a state of each interconnection relay is normal on the basis of voltage values measured by the voltage sensors.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus of the disclosure is interconnected to the grid together with a power generation apparatus, and configured to control a solar cell and a storage battery. The power supply apparatus includes an inverter for converting DC power from the solar cell and the storage battery into AC power, a first relay for switchover a connection between the inverter and the grid, an AC-DC converter capable of converting AC power from the power generation apparatus into DC power and supplying the DC power to the storage battery during an grid-independent operation, and a controller for controlling such that, at the time of recovery of the grid from the power outage, the AC-DC converter starts operating, that the first relay is switched on, and that the AC-DC converter keeps operating until a reverse power flow to the grid is detected.

Abstract: A power control apparatus includes a plurality of transformers configured to transform power generated by a plurality of solar cell strings, and a controller configured to control the transformers. The transformers each include a diode configured to prevent a reverse flow of power to be output from the transformer itself and a switch configured to open or close a connection between the solar cell string and an inverter. When a diode of one of the transformers has failed to prevent the reverse flow of the power to be output from the one of the transformers, the controller first opens the switches of all of the transformers and then closes the switches of the transformers other than the switch of the one of the transformers.

Abstract: A power control apparatus according to the present disclosure includes a first interconnection relay and a second interconnection relay configured to interconnect or parallel off an inverter to or from a power grid, a reference potential relay configured to set a neutral phase of an independent operation output system to a reference potential, voltage sensors respectively installed between the first interconnection relay and the inverter and between the first interconnection relay and the power grid, voltage sensors respectively installed between the second interconnection relay and the inverter and between the second interconnection relay and the power grid, and a controller configured to turn the reference potential relay on to set the neutral phase to the reference potential and then to judge whether a state of each interconnection relay is normal on the basis of voltage values measured by the voltage sensors.

Abstract: A power control apparatus includes a plurality of transformers configured to transform power generated by a plurality of solar cell strings, and a controller configured to control the transformers. The transformers each include a diode configured to prevent a reverse flow of power to be output from the transformer itself and a switch configured to open or close a connection between the solar cell string and an inverter. When a diode of one of the transformers has failed to prevent the reverse flow of the power to be output from the one of the transformers, the controller first opens the switches of all of the transformers and then closes the switches of the transformers other than the switch of the one of the transformers.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus of the disclosure is interconnected to the grid together with a power generation apparatus, and configured to control a solar cell and a storage battery. The power supply apparatus includes an inverter for converting DC power from the solar cell and the storage battery into AC power, a first relay for switchover a connection between the inverter and the grid, an AC-DC converter capable of converting AC power from the power generation apparatus into DC power and supplying the DC power to the storage battery during an grid-independent operation, and a controller for controlling such that, at the time of recovery of the grid from the power outage, the AC-DC converter starts operating, that the first relay is switched on, and that the AC-DC converter keeps operating until a reverse power flow to the grid is detected.

Abstract: An exhaust control apparatus for a motorcycle includes an exhaust collection pipe, which collects and combines exhaust gas from a plurality of exhaust pipes, and an exhaust valve. The exhaust valve is operatively attached to the collection pipe and controls flow of exhaust gas within the collection pipe. A pivot shaft of the exhaust valve is situated at an angle and is displaced from the centers of the exhaust pipes, such that the shaft is not aligned with the centers of the exhaust pipes. This arrangement of the pivot shaft provides a smooth, non-turbulent flow of exhaust gas, and reduces impedance to the flow of exhaust gas. The exhaust control apparatus may be mounted to reside within a recess formed in a motorcycle body frame, to reduce vehicle width.

Abstract: An engine output control system includes an engine ECU having a fundamental ignition timing map, a fundamental fuel injection quantity map, a target throttle angle determination unit for determining a target throttle angle of an exhaust control valve, an exhaust control valve diagnosis unit for diagnosing operation of the exhaust control valve, an ignition timing map to be used during an abnormality for determining fundamental ignition timing when the exhaust control valve operates abnormally, and an abnormal fuel injection thinning-out table for determining a reduced rate of fuel injection when the exhaust control valve has been diagnosed as abnormal. The exhaust control valve driving unit supplies a driving current to an actuator in such a manner that the target throttle angle notified by the engine ECU coincides with actual valve throttle angle. The system is capable of obtaining sufficient traveling performance even when an exhaust control valve has is operating abnormally.

Abstract: An exhaust control apparatus for a motorcycle includes an exhaust collection pipe, which collects and combines exhaust gas from a plurality of exhaust pipes, and an exhaust valve. The exhaust valve is operatively attached to the collection pipe and controls flow of exhaust gas within the collection pipe. A pivot shaft of the exhaust valve is situated at an angle and is displaced from the centers of the exhaust pipes, such that the shaft is not aligned with the centers of the exhaust pipes. This arrangement of the pivot shaft provides a smooth, non-turbulent flow of exhaust gas, and reduces impedance to the flow of exhaust gas. The exhaust control apparatus may be mounted to reside within a recess formed in a motorcycle body frame, to reduce vehicle width.

Abstract: An engine output control system includes an engine ECU having a fundamental ignition timing map, a fundamental fuel injection quantity map, a target throttle angle determination unit for determining a target throttle angle of an exhaust control valve, an exhaust control valve diagnosis unit for diagnosing operation of the exhaust control valve, an ignition timing map to be used during an abnormality for determining fundamental ignition timing when the exhaust control valve operates abnormally, and an abnormal fuel injection thinning-out table for determining a reduced rate of fuel injection when the exhaust control valve has been diagnosed as abnormal. The exhaust control valve driving unit supplies a driving current to an actuator in such a manner that the target throttle angle notified by the engine ECU coincides with actual valve throttle angle. The system is capable of obtaining sufficient traveling performance even when an exhaust control valve has is operating abnormally.

Abstract: A motorcycle having a housing box and storage space arranged to increase the capacity of the intake system. In a motorcycle, a crank case, an engine, including a cylinder that extends forwardly from the crank case, and a housing box are arranged under a seat. An intake passage extends rearwardly from above the cylinder. An intake port of the intake passage is connected to an air chamber, and an intake port of the air chamber is connected to an air cleaner through a communication path. The air chamber is arranged upwardly of the crank case. The housing box is arranged rearwardly of the air chamber and the air cleaner is arranged to the side of the housing box.

Abstract: A cooling water circulating structure in an internal combustion engine is to be provided wherein cooling water can flow to every corner through a water jacket in a cylinder block and a water jacket in a cylinder head without being localized and thereby can cool the whole efficiently and which permits an easy layout of the water piping. A cooling water circulating structure in a multi-cylinder type internal combustion engine wherein a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet are formed side by side respectively in a side face of a cylinder block and a side face of a cylinder head both on the same side of the internal combustion engine close to a water pump, and a cylinder block-side water jacket and a cylinder head-side water jacket are brought into communication with each other through communication paths and are formed on the side opposite to the side close to the water pump, thereby allowing cooling water to circulate.

Abstract: To increase the capacity of an engine intake system and the capacity of a housing box without raising the height of a motorcycle seat. In a motorcycle, a crank case, an engine, including a cylinder that extends forwardly from the crank case, and a housing box are arranged under a seat. An intake passage extends rearwardly from above the cylinder. An intake port of the intake passage is connected to an air chamber, and an intake port of the air chamber is connected to an air cleaner through a communication path. The air chamber is arranged upwardly of the crank case. The housing box is arranged rearwardly of the air chamber and the air cleaner is arranged to the side of the housing box.

Abstract: To make it possible to extract air from a water pump without the need for a dedicated structure for air extraction in the water pump which supplies cooling water to a cooling jacket on a cylinder head or cylinder block of a horizontally opposed or V-type engine. A circular pump chamber for rotatably housing an impeller inside a pump housing of a water pump includes an upper discharge path extending diagonally upwards and connecting to an upper end section of the pump chamber, and a lower discharge path extending diagonally downwards and connecting to a lower end section of the pump chamber. First and second connecting pipes respectively extending in a straight line along a line extended from the upper and lower discharge paths have inner ends communicating with the upper and lower discharge paths, and outer ends forming first and second discharge ports.

Abstract: A cooling water circulating structure in an internal combustion engine is to be provided wherein cooling water can flow to every corner through a water jacket in a cylinder block and a water jacket in a cylinder head without being localized and thereby can cool the whole efficiently and which permits an easy layout of the water piping. A cooling water circulating structure in a multi-cylinder type internal combustion engine wherein a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet are formed side by side respectively in a side face of a cylinder block and a side face of a cylinder head both on the same side of the internal combustion engine close to a water pump, and a cylinder block-side water jacket and a cylinder head-side water jacket are brought into communication with each other through communication paths and are formed on the side opposite to the side close to the water pump, thereby allowing cooling water to circulate.

Abstract: An electrode structure including a plurality of beam control electrodes, a plurality of electrically insulating spacers disposed between each pair of neighboring members of the beam control electrodes, an electrode substrate, a plurality of metallic pins planted on the beam control electrode so as to extend therefrom through the electrode substrate, and a fixing member mounted on each of the metallic pins from behind the electrode substrate for retaining the beam control electrodes.