Abstract: A filtration device efficiently sizes removal of unnecessary substances adhering to and deposited on a filter medium of a filter element during filtration and backwashing (cleaning) from target (non-filtered) substances. The filter element captures substances in a fluid on one surface of a filter medium. The captured substances are separated from the filter medium during backwashing. A brush moves relative to the one surface of the filter medium and assists in separating the captured substances and sifting during the relative movement. The backwashing starts when a differential pressure between both surfaces of the filter medium exceeds a predetermined value, or the like while performing the filtration, and returns to filtration after the differential pressure is eliminated or after a predetermined time elapses. The brush sifts the unnecessary substances from the captured substances and passes the removal to the other surface side during the filtration.

Abstract: A structure body according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a first base having one surface, and having a density lower than a density that is determined by a crystal structure and a composition of a constituent material; a second base disposed to face the one surface of the first base; and a buffer layer provided between the first base and the second base, and containing at least a metal element.

Abstract: A method for producing a terminal carboxyl group-containing polyethylene glycol, which includes the following steps 1 and 2. Step 1: In a solution containing a polyethylene glycol having a hydroxyl group, an inorganic base 0.5 to 4 times the polyethylene glycol in mass, an aprotic solvent and water, mass of the water being 5 to 20 meq with respect to the inorganic base and mass of the water in the solution being 2,000 ppm or less, a compound of the formula (1) is reacted with the polyethylene glycol to obtain a polyethylene glycol ester: wherein X represents a leaving group, a represents an integer of 4 to 9, and R1 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; Step 2: The polyethylene glycol ester is hydrolyzed to obtain a terminal carboxyl group-containing polyethylene glycol.

Abstract: A medical observation system for observing a biological object includes a medical light source apparatus for illuminating the biological object. The medical light source apparatus includes a first, second and third laser light sources that emit respective first, second, and third laser light beams. First and second laser light beams have different wavelength bands. The medical light source apparatus also includes an optical assembly including a reflecting surface disposed to reflect the first laser light beam, cause the second laser light beam to be transmitted therethrough, and guide the first laser light beam and the second laser light beam in a same direction. The medical light source apparatus also includes a reflection mirror having a reflecting surface that is not parallel with the reflecting surface of the optical assembly. The system includes a medical observation device including a detector for detecting a light received from the biological object.

Abstract: A structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure include: a first base; a second base disposed to be opposed to the first base; and a bonding layer that is provided between the first base and the second base, and includes, in a layer, a layer including a first metal element and a second metal element, the first metal element having a free energy of oxide formation (?G) of ?330 (kJ/mol of compounds) or more at room temperature and a self-diffusion coefficient (D) of 1×10?55 (m2/s) or more at room temperature, and the second metal element having a free energy of oxide formation (?G) at room temperature smaller than the free energy of oxide formation (?G) at the room temperature of the first metal element.

Abstract: A measurement device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is a measurement device that measures a position of an annual part to be measured that is arranged at an opening edge of a hole formed in a member to be measured, and the measurement device includes: a probe that is displaceable in an axial direction; a holder that holds the probe; and a measurement instrument that measures displacement of the probe in the axial direction. The probe includes an inclined portion at an tip end of the probe, the inclined portion being inclined relative to a central axis of the probe at an angle equal to an angle defined between a central axis of the hole in the member to be measured and a horizontal plane in a state in which the member to be measured is mounted on the horizontal plane.

Abstract: The present invention includes: a cylinder; a piston that is inserted in the cylinder and partitions an interior of the cylinder into fluid chambers and; guides that support the piston and guide movement of the cylinder, the guides including a first internal flow passage and a second internal flow passage; and nozzles communicating with the fluid chambers, respectively, wherein a pipe to communicate with a fluid pressure source is configured to switch between the external pipes, a flow passage from the fluid pressure source to the nozzles includes a short-circuit flow passage that short-circuits a flow passage communicating with the fluid pressure source and a flow passage not communicating with the fluid pressure source, and this short-circuit flow passage is provided with a throttle unit that throttles a flow passage.

Abstract: There is provided a functional element that includes a first substrate, a second substrate disposed to face the first substrate, and a buffer layer provided between the first substrate and the second substrate. The buffer layer has, in a layer thereof, a distribution of concentration of a metallic element. The distribution changes in a film thickness direction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for efficiently producing ethanol from a lignocellulosic raw material. More specifically, the present invention provides a method for producing ethanol from a lignocellulosic raw material, which comprises a step of performing multiple parallel fermentation while continuously or intermittently adding an additional saccharification enzyme to a fermentation liquid comprising a lignocellulosic raw material, a saccharification enzyme and a yeast so that the physical property value of the fermentation liquid itself is maintained within a preset range.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for efficiently producing ethanol from a lignocellulosic raw material. More specifically, the present invention provides a method for producing ethanol from a lignocellulosic raw material, which comprises a step of performing multiple parallel fermentation while continuously or intermittently adding an additional saccharification enzyme to a fermentation liquid comprising a lignocellulosic raw material, a saccharification enzyme and a yeast so that the physical property value of the fermentation liquid itself is maintained within a preset range.

Abstract: A sterilizing method for sterilizing a sterilization object housed in a chamber 11 includes an ozone preparation step S504 for filling an inside of a buffer tank 34 with ozone gas, and an ozone injection step S505 for injecting the ozone gas filled in the inside of the buffer tank 34 into the chamber 11.

Abstract: A sterilizing method for sterilizing a sterilization object housed in a chamber 11 includes a first vapor injection step S502 for injecting vapor produced from a first aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide to an inside of the chamber 11, an ozone injection step S505 for injecting ozone gas to the inside of the chamber 11 after the first vapor injection step S502, and a second vapor injection step S507 for injecting vapor produced from a second aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide to the inside of the chamber 11 after the ozone injection step S505. A total amount of the hydrogen peroxide included in the second aqueous solution is smaller than or equal to a total amount of the hydrogen peroxide included in the first aqueous solution.

Abstract: A device is provided that provides an unbiased filtration effect and an effect of removing captured substances through backwashing by causing a fluid to uniformly pass through a filter element over the entire length in an axial direction at the time of backwashing so as to efficiently rotate a captured-substance removal tool in a filtration unit 1 which includes the captured-substance removal tool 20 axially supported inside the tubular filter element 2 to be rotatable.

Abstract: A measurement device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is a measurement device that measures a position of an annual part to be measured that is arranged at an opening edge of a hole formed in a member to be measured, and the measurement device includes: a probe that is displaceable in an axial direction; a holder that holds the probe; and a measurement instrument that measures displacement of the probe in the axial direction. The probe includes an inclined portion at an tip end of the probe, the inclined portion being inclined relative to a central axis of the probe at an angle equal to an angle defined between a central axis of the hole in the member to be measured and a horizontal plane in a state in which the member to be measured is mounted on the horizontal plane.

Abstract: A sterilizing method includes a preliminary decompression step (S200) of decompressing the inside of a chamber (11) with respect to an atmospheric pressure after a sterilization object wrapped with a wrapping member made from a material that absorbs ozone gas and hydrogen peroxide is housed in the chamber (11), an ozone adsorption step (S300) of injecting ozone gas to the inside of the chamber (11) under a decompressed state achieved in the preliminary decompression step (S200) to cause the ozone gas to be adsorbed to the wrapping member, and a sterilization step (S500) of sterilizing the sterilization object using the zone gas and hydrogen peroxide after the ozone adsorption step (S300).

Abstract: A vehicle charging system includes: a power supply device including a power supply fitting body and provided in a stop space of a vehicle; and a power receiving fitting body that is provided on a bottom of the vehicle and is able to be fitted to and removed from the power supply fitting body in an insertion/removal direction. The power receiving fitting body includes power receiving terminals electrically connected no a battery provided in the vehicle, a power receiving terminal holding part that holds the power receiving terminals, and an opposite space forming part that is arranged adjacent to the power receiving terminal holding part in the insertion/removal direction and forms an opposite space facing the power receiving terminals.

Abstract: A sterilizing method for sterilizing a sterilization object housed in a chamber (11) includes a first vapor injection step (S502) of injecting vapor produced from an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide to an inside of the chamber (11), an ozone injection step (S505) of injecting ozone gas to the inside of the chamber (11) after the first vapor injection step (S502), and a second vapor injection step (S507) of injecting vapor produced from water or vapor produced from a solution containing a volatile component to the inside of the chamber (11) after the ozone injection step (S505).

Abstract: A rotating electrical machine of the present invention evaluates a relative displacement of members and improves reliability further even when two or more members operate or move. A rotating electrical machine of the present invention comprises a stator and a rotor disposed on an inner side of the stator with a predetermined gap. The stator includes vibration measuring devices, each of the vibration measuring devices placed on each of at least two members included in the stator, the members having different displacements or phases with each other. The rotating electrical machine includes a device that acquires a relative displacement of one of the members included in the stator by evaluating a difference between displacements or phases measured by the vibration measuring devices and that evaluates a lifetime of the one of the members included in the stator based on the relative displacement.

Abstract: A filtration apparatus includes: a cylindrical filter element formed in a cylindrical shape to filter a target fluid guided through an one end opening of the filter element in such a manner that the target fluid passes in a direction from an inside toward an outside of the filter element; a backwashing mechanism drawing the filtered fluid in a direction from the outside toward the inside of the filter element; a high-pressure washing mechanism injecting a high-pressure fluid so as to pass through the filter element in the direction from the inside toward the outside of the filter element; and a rotary drive mechanism rotating the backwashing mechanism and the high-pressure washing mechanism around an axial line of the filter element in an internal space of the filter element.

Abstract: A method for producing a terminal carboxyl group-containing polyethylene glycol, which includes the following steps 1 and 2. Step 1: In a solution containing a polyethylene glycol having a hydroxyl group, an inorganic base 0.5 to 4 times the polyethylene glycol in mass, an aprotic solvent and water, mass of the water being 5 to 20 meq with respect to the inorganic base and mass of the water in the solution being 2,000 ppm or less, a compound of the formula (1) is reacted with the polyethylene glycol to obtain a polyethylene glycol ester: wherein X represents a leaving group, a represents an integer of 4 to 9, and R1 represents a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; Step 2: The polyethylene glycol ester is hydrolyzed to obtain a terminal carboxyl group-containing polyethylene glycol.