Abstract: A part includes a base material, a colored layer, an intermediate layer, and a water-repellent-surface layer. The colored layer contains 35 at % to 99 at % of C, 0 at % to less than 40 at % of Cr, 0 at % to less than 15 at % of N, and more than 0 at % to less than 15 at % of O. The intermediate layer contains at least one metal atom selected from Cr, Zr, and Si; and an oxygen atom. The intermediate layer exhibits a sputtering time of 0.

Abstract: A pre-treatment method for plating wherein lead or the like dissolved in an etching liquid is not electro-deposited (re-adhesion) on a lead-contained copper alloy to be plated even without adding a chelating agent forming an insoluble inert combined substance. The lead-contained copper alloy to be plated is dipped in an alkaline etching liquid without adding a chelating agent which would form an insoluble inert combined substance. In this state, electrolysis where the lead-contained copper alloy functions as one of a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and electrolysis where the lead-contained copper alloy functions as the other of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are performed alternately (PR electrolysis).

Abstract: An irrigation/aspiration apparatus for aspirating and discharging drainage from a surgical site by a surgical device to which an aspiration tube is being connected, the apparatus comprising, a suction pump which produces suction pressure through the aspiration tube, a chamber provided between the surgical device and the suction pump in communication with the aspiration tube, and an expansible and contractible gaseous-filed bag which is filled with gas and provided within the chamber.